3. JIacarius of Antioch, a patriarch in the Church of Antioch in the 7th century, is noted for liis avowal, at the third Constantinopolitan Council (A.D. 680-81), of his belief in the doctrine •' that Christ's will was that of a (iod-man (Btcn'cpii;))i')." See IMonothelites. He and his Ibllowers (known as jfaatriinis) were banished on this account. His Trards were written down by his attendant archdeacon, Paul of Aleppo, in Arabic, and were published in an English dress in 1829-37, in 2 vols. 4to. See Smith, Diet, of Greek and lioman Biog. and Mythol. ii, 875 (4) ; Milmau'* Gibbon, Decline and Full of the Roman Empire, iv, 553.
4. Macauii's oi- IiiEi.ASD flourished ^bout the close of the 9th century. He is said to have propagated in France the tenet, afterwards maintained by Averrhoes, that one individual intelligence or soul [lerformcd the spiritual and rational functions m all the human race.
5. IMacarius of Jerusalem. There were two bish- ops by this name ; one tlourislied in the 4th century, the other in the 6th. The former became bishop A.D. 313 or 314, and died in or before A.D. 333. He was present at the Council of Nice, and is said to have taken part in the disputations against the Arians. The latter was elected bishop A.D. 544, but the choice was disapproved by the emperor Justinian I, because he was accused of avowing the obnoxious opinions of Origen, and Eutvch- ius was appointed instead. IMacarius was, however, af- ter a time, reinstalled (about A.D. 564), and died about 574. A homily of his, De inrentione Capitis Pi-cecurso- ris, is extant in MS. See Smith, Diet, of Greek and Ro- man Biog. ii, 876.
Macassar, the most southern portion of Celebes, situated in lat. 4° 35'— 5° 50' S., and long. 119° 25'— 120° 30' E., and traversed by a lofty chain of mountains, formerly the greatest naval power among the Jlalay states, is divided into the Dutch possessions and Malay Proper ; the latter, of little importance, is governed by a native king, -who pays tribute to the Netherlanders. Tlie I'ortuguese were the tirst Europeans to form a set- tlement in Macassar, but they were supplanted by the Dutch, who, after many contests with the natives, grad- ually attained to supreme power. In 1811 it fell into the hands of the British, who in 1814 defeated the king of Boni, and compelled him to give up the regalia of Ma- cassar. In 1816 it was restored to the Dutch, and contin- ues to enjoy a fair share of the mercantile prosperity of the Netherlands' possessions in the Eastern Archipelago,
The natives are among the most civilized and enter- prising, but also the most greedy of the Malay race. See Malays. They carry on a considerable trade in tortoise-shell and edible nests, grow abundance of rice, and raise great numbers of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats; fishing is also one of the principal employments. They are chiefly adherents to Mohammedanism, which secured its hold in the IMalay Archipelago in the 14th century, and to this day continues to proselyte the Ma- cassars for the religion of the Crescent. For the diffi- culties in the way towards Christianizing the Malayan race, see Malay Archipelago.
Macaiilay, Aulay, an English divine, was born near the opening of the 18th century, and was educated at the University of Glasgow. He was minister of the church and parish of Cardross, Dumbartonshire, and died in 1797. He published a sermon on the Peculiar Adrantages of Sunday Schools (1792, 8vo) ; also other sermons. See I.ond. Gentl. Mag. 1816 (June), p. 535 sq.
Macaulay, Zachary, F.L'.S., an English philan- thropist, of Scottish descent, born in 1759, father of the historian, a merchant, fought forty years with William Wilberforce in promotion of the British anti-slavery movement. He died in 1838. See Lond. Gentl. Mag. (IMarch, 1838, \x 323 ; Dec. 1838, p. 678) ; Thomas, Diet. of Biog. and Mgthol. s. y.
Macauley, Tiiojias, D.D., LL.D., a Presbyterian minister of note, was born in 1777, and was educated at L^nion College, where he ai'ter^^■ards filled a professor's chair. He subsequently entered the ministrs', and died May 11, 1862, as pastor of the Murray Street Church in New York City.
Macbride, John David, D.C.L., F.S.A., an emi- nent iMiglish Oriental scholar and author, was born in Norfolk, England, in 1788, and was educated at Exeter College, Oxibrd, where he became a fellow. He was in 1813 appointed principal of jNIagdalen Hall, and nomi- nated to the readership in Arabic, and kept these posi- tions until his death in 1S()8. His principal works are, Diatessaron, or Harmony if the Gospels (used in Oxford University) : — Jfohanmiedanism : — Lecti/res on the A rti- cles of the United Church of England and Irelaml (1853) : — Lectuirs on the Epistles (1858), See Netc A m. Cyclop. Annual for ISCS, p. 445.
Mac'cabee (Maccab.-e'us), a title (usually in the plural oi Mrt)c/cf(/3«To(, '■ the Maccabees"), which was
MACCABEE
597
MACCABEE
originally the surname of Judas, one of the sons of IMat- tatliias (see below, § iii), but >vas afterwards extended to the heroic family of which he was one of the noblest representatives, and in a still wider sense to the Pales- tinian martyrs in the persecution of Antiochus Epiph- anes [see 4 JIaccabees], and even to the Alexandrine Jews who suffered for their faith at an earlier time. See 3 Maccabees. In the following account of the Mac- cabajan family and revolution we shall largely borrow from the articles in Kitto's and Smith's Dictionaries.