Mackey, James Love, a Presbyterian minister, was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Jan. 26, 1820. His early educational privileges were few, but, being fond of study, he struggled hard to qualify himself for teach- ing. When fourteen years old he opened a school in his father's house ; subsequently he taught public school in the neighborhood, attended Hopewell Acad- emy and New London Academy, Pa., and taught in the latter. He entered the seminary at Princeton, N. J., resolved to do work in foreign missions. In 18-49 he sailed for Corisco Island. In April of 1851 he founded the Evangasimba Mission, after surmounting many ob- stacles. In June of 18G5 he returned to reside at home, and soon after became principal of the academy at New London, Pa. He died April 30, 1867. Mr. Mackey was a man thoroughly qualilied for missionary labors; his mental training, varied and accurate information, and scientilie attainments, prepared him for the great work. See Wilson, Fresh. Hist. A Im., 1868, p. 119. (J. L. S.)
Mackie, Josias, one of the earliest Presbyterian ministers who came to America, was born in Donegal County, Ireland. The year of his arrival in this coun- try is uncertain, but the first notice hitherto found of him bears date June 22, 1692. His first settlement ap- pears to have been on the Elizabeth River, Va., where in all probability he became the successor of Francis Mackomie, the first regular Presbyterian minister in America. After a formal oath in 1692, made publicly, and in confirmation of his belief in the Articles of Re- ligion, as allowed in the case of Dissenters, he was licensed. He selected three different places for public worship, many miles apart, on Elizabeth River. These were in the Eastern Branch, in Tanner's Creek precincts, and in the Western Branch, to which was added, in 1690, the Southern Branch. Here, with the care of a farm and a store, he found time to preach, but the rec- ord of his labors has not as yet been discovered. — Sprague, ^4 nnals, iii, 5.
Mackintosh, Sir James, one of the most cele- brated literary characters of the 19th century, distin- guished alike as a philosopher, jurist, statesman, and historian was born at Aldourie, in the county of Inver- ness, Scotland, October 24, 4765. His early instruc- tion and training fell into the hands of his grandfather, a man of great excellence. In 1783 he entered King's College, Aberdeen, where he formed an intimate ac- quaintance with the celebrated Robert Hall — a happy association which told upon the whole career of Mack- intosh. He himself records the great influence which Hall's society and conversation had on his mind. They lived in the same house, were constantly together, and led each other into controversies on the most abstruse points of theology and metaphysics. By their fellow- students they were regarded as the intellectual leaders of the university, and under their auspices a society was formed in King's College, which was commonlv desig- nated " The HaU and Mackintosh Club." In 1784 lie quitted King's College as iNLA., and removed to Edin- burgh. His own inclinations were to the bar; family circumstances, however, obliged him to enter upon the
study of medicine. But he by no means confined himself to his professional studios. "lie mingled freely with the intellectual society of the place ; divided his studious hours between medicine, metaphysics, and politics, in- termingling with each excursions into its lighter litera- ture and passing or past controversies, and he became a prominent speaker in the medical, physical, and specu- lative societies." Three years had been thus pleasantly spent when the time for his examination came, and, with diploma in hand, he turned south\vards, and settled at London. It was a season of great political excite- ment when Mackintosh arrived in the great English metropolis, and, as the political arena was much more to his taste and inclination than walking the wards of a hospital, he improved the opportunity, and determined upon a strictly literary life. He supported himself for a while by writing for the newspapers, at the same time engaged in philosophical studies. In 1791 he finally published his Viiidiciai Gallicce, in reply to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution — a work which, though containing juvenile errors, at once gave him great renown ; three editions were sold within the first year of its appearance before the public. "In sober philosophic thought, sound feeling, and common sense, it greatlj' surpassed the splendid philippic against which it was directed, and was enthusiastically lauded." The leading statesmen of England, among them Fox, Sher- idan, and others, sought the author's acquaintance ; and when the "Association of the Friends of the People" was formed, he was appouited secretary. Encouraged by this success, he turned to the legal profession in 1789, was called to the bar in 1795, and attained high eminence as a forensic lawyer. In 1799 he delivered a course of lectures on the Law of Nature and of Nations before the benchers of Lincoln's Inn, which were at- tended by audiences of the most brilliant description. Later he was made recorder of Bombay, and in 1806 was appointed judge of the Admiralty Court. His In- dian career was highly creditable to his capacity and honorable to his character. After his return to England he entered Parliament as Whig member for Nairn (1813). In 1818 he accepted the professorship of law in the college of Haileybur*', continuing, however, to take an active part in the political affairs of his country, as the representative of Knaresborough in the nation's council. In 1822, and again in 1823, he filled the honorable posi- tion of lord-rector of the University of Glasgow. In 1828, his great attainments as a philosopher were ac- knowledged by his selection to complete Dugald Stew- art's unfinished dissertation on the " Progress of Meta- physical, Etliical, and Political Philosophy since the Re- vival of Letters in Europe" for the Encyclopaedia Britan- nica. Sir James Mackintosh (he was knighted in 1803) at once set to work, and in 1830 completed his part of the task, entitled Dissei-f. on the Progress of Ethical Philos- ophy chiefly during the 18th and 19th Centuries. Un- fortunately, however, his professional and other duties, as well as sickness, had prevented him from treating the subject as carefully and completely as he might have desired, and so far curtailed the original plan that a survey of political philosophy and the history of the ethical philosophy of the Continent were left unnoticed. But, " notwithstanding these deficiencies," says our dis- tinguished late countryman, Alexander H. Everett {N. Am. Review, xxxv, 451), "it will be read with deep in- terest by students of moral science, and by all who take an interest in the higher departments of intellectual re- search, or enjoy the beauties of elegant language ap- plied to the illustration of ' divine philosophy.' It gives us, on an important branch of the most important of the sciences, the reflection of one of the few master- minds that are fitted by original capacity and patient study to probe it to the bottom." See the article Eth- ics in vol. iii, p. 322 sq. He died May 22, 1832.