MARANOS
'731
MARBLE
adjuration. It rather appears to be added ' as a weighty watchword' to impress upon the disciples the important truth tliat the Lord was at hand, and that they should be ready to meet him (Alford, Gr. Test, ad loc). If, on the other hand, the phrase be taken to mean, as it may, 'our Lord has come,' then the connection is, 'the curse will remain, for the Lord has come who will take ven- geance on those who reject him,' Thus the name 'Ma- ronite' is explained by a tradition that the Jews, in ex- pectation of a JNIessiah, were constantly saying Maran, i. e. Lord ; to which the Christians answered Maran atha, the Lord is come, why do you still expect him ? (Stanley, Corinthians, ad loc.)" (Smith).
Maraiios is one of the names used to designate the new Christians of Spain, i. e. those Jews (q. v.) who, during the religious persecutions under Romish rule, publicly avowed conversion to Christianity and j'et privately confessed the religion of their fathers, as e. g. the family of iNIaimonides (q. v.). The name owes its origin to the fact that not only Jews, but also Moors (i\. V.) made a feigned profession of conversion to the Christian faith. See Inquisition ; Spain.
Maran(us), Pkudentius, a noted French theolo- gian, was born, according to Winer (T/ieol. Literaitir, p. Goi), at Sezanne, whilst Le Cerf {Biblioth. historique de la Cong, de St. Maur, p. '293) and Zedler {Universullex- ikvn) consider him to have been born at Troyes, in Champagne, October 14, 1(583. In 1703 he entered the Congregation of St. Maur, taking the vows at the Abbey of St. Faron, at JMeaux. He subsequently resided at the Convent of St. Germain des Pres, Paris. He died April 2, 1762. He published the works of Cyril of Jeru- salem in Greek and Latin (Paris, 1720; Venice, 1763). Though the best edition of Cyril's works, it was attack- ed by the author of the Memoires de Trevoux. INIara- nus defended himself in his Dissertation sur les senii- Ariens (Paris, 1722). He also completed the edition of the works of Cyprian commenced by St. Baluze (Paris, 1726; Venice, 1728), and published the works of Justin ISIartyr in Greek and Latin, with a valuable introduc- tion (Paris, 1742 ; Venice, 1747). He published also a work of his own on the divinity of Christ, under the title JJivinitas Domini nostri Jesu Christi rnanifesta in scrip- iaris et traditione. (Paris, 1746). This work is divided into four parts. The first treats of the proofs contained in the Old and the New Testaments ; the second, of the unanimity, on this point, of the Roman Catholic Church and of the different sects; the third, of the continuous controversies with the Jews, heathen, and heretics; and the fourth, of the unanimous testimony of the fathers. It contains, besides, arguments to prove the divinity of the Holy Ghost. Maranus took also an active part in the controversies arising from the bull '• Unigenitus Dei lilius," siding with the party called appellants; and, although he had written nothing on the subject, he had in consequence to endure great annoyances from the acceptants, who were the strongest. — Herzog, Real-En- cyklopd.die, ix, 9. See Jansenists. (J. N. P.)
Maratta or Maratti, Carlo, a celebrated Italian painter, was born at Camurano, near Ancona, INIa}', 162.5 ; became a pupil of Andrea Saccbi and a devout student of Raphael's works, and chose Rome as his permanent residence. He was employed by Clement IX and by four oth'T successive popes, and received the title of painter ordinary to Louis XIV, for whom he jiainted a picture of Daphne. His Madonnas are admired for modest dignity and amiable expression. iMaratta also excelled in the art of etching. He was the last great painter of the Roman school. He died in 1713.— Thomas, Diet. Biorj. and Mythol. s. v.
Maraviglia (Latin MirahiUa). Gu-seppe iSIaria, an Italian philosopher, a native of Milan, flourished near the middle of the 17th century. He at first belonged to the body of regular clergy, was commissioned in 1651 to teach ethics in Padua, and exchanged the duties of provincial prior for those of bishop at Novara in 1667,
He died there in 1G84, Among his works we find Leges honestm Vita; (Ven, 1657, 12mo), a moral treatise dedica- ted to Christine, queen of Sweden : — Leges Doctrince a Sanctis Patribus (Venice, 1660, 24mo) : — Proteits ethico- politicus seu de midtifurmi hominis statu (Venice, 1660, folio) : — Pseudomantia vetenim et recentioriun explosa, seu de fide dicinationibus adhihcnda (Ven, 1662, fol,) : — De erro7-ibus virorum doctorum (Ven. 1662, 12mo; Rome, 16G7, 4to) : — Legatus adprineipes Christianos (Ven. 1665, 12rao) : — Ammfcstramenti deW anima Christiana (Xo- vara, 1675, 8vo). — Hoefer, Kouv. Biog. Gen. xxxiii, 362.
Marbach, Johann, an eminent German Protestant theologian, was born at Lindau Aug. 24, 1521, and was educated at the University of Wittenberg, where he commenced in 1539 the study of theology. He became successively deacon at Jena in 1540, preacher at Ivry in 1544, and at Strasburg in 1545. He was afterwards sent by the latter city to the Council of Trent, together with Sleidan. In 1552 he was appointed chief pastor and professor of theology. Here he labored to intro- duce the Lutheran doctrines in the place of the Re- formed, whereby he became involved in numberless controversies. In 1556 he was employed by the elector Otto Henry to organize the Reformation in the Palati- nate, and in 1557 was (jresent at the Diet of Worms. He ceased preaching in 1558, and died deacon of Thomas College, jVIarch 17, 1581. He wrote Christlicher iind wuhrhafter Unterricht von d. Worten d. Einsetzung d. heil. Abendmals, etc. (Strasb. 1565, 8vo), and other similar works, all upholding the ultra-Lutheran views. See Treuss, Situation interieure de VEglise Lntherienne de Strasbourg sous la direction de Marbach (Strasb, 1857) ; Pierer, Universal-Lexikon, x, 852 ; Herzog, Real-Encykl. ix, 10.