Marcellus, bishop of Apamka (1), in Syria, near the close of the 4th century, distinguished hiiii-sclf par- ticidarly by his zeal for the destruction of tlie heathen temples. He considered them as maintaining heathen tendencies among the people. Having attempted to de- stroy the main temple of the city with the help of sol- diers and gladiators, he was taken by the people and put to death. ■ His sons sought to avenge his death, but were restrained by the provincial s^niod.held in 391.
(2.) Another IMarcellus of Apamea is mentioned, who is said to have lived in the 5th century. He was a na- tive of Syria, of a wealthy family, and after the death of his parents went to Antioch, where he devoted him-
MARCELLUS I
^35
MARCHETTI
self to study. Dividing his fortune among the poor, he went to Ephesus, and there attempted to support him- self by copying books. He subsequently' joined abbot Alexander at Constantinople, and was afterwards chosen as his successor. To avoid this honor, MarceUus fled to a neighboring convent until another abbot had been se- lecte<i, and then returned and was made deacon. The new abbot, named John, however, became jealous of his deacon, and obliged him to perform menial service. MarceUus cheerfully submitted ; but after the death of John lie was again appointed abbot. Under his direc- tion the convent acquired such reputation that it had to be greatly enlarged, and other convents applied to be governed by pupils of I\Iarcellus. He died in 485. See Fleury, Flist. ml a. -448 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklopadie, ix, 25 ; Lardner, Works (see Index).
MarceUus I, Pope, son of Benedict, a Roman priest, succeeded Marcellinus (q. v.) as bishop of Rome (according to Pagi, June 30, 308), but held that position onh' during eighteen months. He endeavored to re- store ecclesiastical discipline, which had become much relaxed during the persecutions. For this purpose he organized in Rome twenty dioceses, the incumbents of which ^vere to administer to converts from heathenism the sacraments of baptism and penance. They were also bounil to attend to the burial of the martjTS. By command of Maxentius, who had ordered him to resign his office of bishop and to sacrifice to idols, he was im- prisoned, and condemned to serve as a slave in the im- perial stables. After nine months he was freed by his clergy, and concealed in the house of a Roman matron named Lucinia, who, it is said, converted that house af- terwards into a church. Maxentius was so angry when he heard of it that he commanded the church to be turned into a stable, and condemned MarceUus to the lowest employment about the stables. MarceUus is said to have died a martyr. He is commemorated on the IGth of January. — Herzog, Real-Encyklop. ix, 21 ; Pierer, Uiiirersul-Lexikon, x, 855. (J. N. P.)
MarceUus II, Pope, succeeded Julius IH, April 9, 1555, but died twenty-two daj-s afterwards. He was a native of the Papal States, and was originally named Marcello Cervini. He was first secretary of Paul HI, and afterwards cardinal of Santa Croce. By appoint- ment from pope Julius HI, he took part in the Council of Trent as cardinal legate, and evinced in that capacity great talents, as well as moderation. His election gave rise to many hopes, which were speedily crushed by his death, the result, no doubt, of poison. He is also noted for the minor but curious circumstance of his refusing to comply with the ancient custom by which the pope, on his election, lays aside his baptismal name and as- sumes a new one. Marcello Cervini retained on his elevation the name Avhich he had previously borne. See Herzog, Real-Enci/klopddie, ix, 21; Pierer, UniveT- sal-Lexikon, x, 855 ; Chambers, ('ijdop. ; Bower, Hist, of the Popes, vVu'^b'd,, Riddle, /'(/;««■// (see Index); Artaux de ]\Iont<]r, Hist, ties Souverains Pontifes Romaiiis, s. v.
MarceUus, Aaron A., a (Dutch) Reformed min- ister, was born in Amsterdam, N. Y., May 11, 1799; was prepared for college by the Rev. Drs.Yan Zandt and Speucer, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; graduated at Union Col- lege, N. Y., in 1826, afterwards followed teaching, and for some years had charge of the Female Seminary in Syracuse, and subsequently of Schenectady, N. Y. He removed to New York, and was for a short time superin- tendent of the Orphan Asylum ; but, feeling that his duty pointed in the direction of the ministry, he entered the Theological Seminary of the Reformed (Dutch) Church at New Brunswick, N. J., and graduated in 1830. He was licensed by the New York Classis, and in July, 1830, became pastor of the Reformed (Dutch) Church at Lysandcr, N. Y. ; subsequently of the Church of Schaghticoke; missionary near the Dry Dock, New York ; principal of the Lancaster County Academy, Pa.; pastor at Freehold, N. J., in 1839 ; of the Church in
Greenville, N. Y., in 1856; and in 1859 removed to Ber- gen, N. J., where he labored as a teacher until he died. May 24, 1860. Mr. MarceUus was courteous £fnd refined in manners, an earnest preacher, and an excellent in- structor of vouth. See WUson, Presh. Hist. Almanac, 1861, p. 252." (,J. L. S.)
Marcheshvan CV^Jn"!^, Marcheshvaii', of the later Hebrew; Josephus, Ant. MapiToi'a)';;c, i, 3, 3 ; the Macedonian AToc) is the name of that month which was the eighth of the sacred and the second of the civil year of the Jews, and began with the new moon of our November. There was a fast on the 6th in memory of Zedekiah's being blinded, after he had witnessed the slaughter of his sons (2 Kings xxv, 7). This month is always spoken of in the Old Testament by its numerical designation ; except once, when it is called Bui (?*13, 1 Kings vi,38; Sept. BaaA). According to Kimchi, Bui is a shortened form of the Hebrew Pin"^, " rain," from ?2''. The signification of rain-month is exactly suitable to November in the climate of Palestine. Others derive it from ??D. Benfej', availing himself of the fact that the Palmyrene inscriptions express the name of the god Baal, according to their dialect, by PT3 (as ?12?:i", 'AyX(/36Xoc), has ventured to suggest that, as the months are often called after the deities, Bui may have received its name from that form of Baal {Monutsnamen, p. 182). The rendering of the Sept. might have been appealed to as some sanction of this view. He supposes that Marcheshvan is a compound name, of which the syllable mar is taken from the Zend Ameretdt, or its later Persian form Mordad, and that cheshvdn is the Persian ckezdn, " autumn," both of which are names be- longing to the same mouth {l. c. p. 13G sq.). — Kitto. See BuL.