The only knowledge we have of this Mary, besides the above facts of her sons, and of her presence at the crucifixion, is that she was that " other Jlary" who, with Marj^ Magdalene, attended the body of Christ to the sepulchre when taken down from the cross (jMatt. xxvii, 61 ; Mark xv, 47 ; Luke xxiii, 55). She was also among those who went on the morning of the first day of the week to the sepulchre to anoint the body, and who be- came the first witnesses of the resurrection (Matt, xxviii, 1 ; Mark xvi, 1 ; Luke xxiv, 1). A.D. 29.
5. Mary, the siother of .John, surnajied Mark {Mapia i) iu]rt]p 'Imlvvov tov iTTiKa\ovj.ikvov MapKov, Acts xii, 12). A.D. 44. The woman known by this de- scription must have been among the earliest disciples. We learn from Col. iv. 10 that she was sister to Barna- bas, and it would apjiear from Acts iv, 37; xii, 12. that, while the brother gave up his land and brought the proceeds of the sale into the common treasury of the Church, the sister gave up her house to be used as one of its chief places of meeting. The fact that Peter went to that house on his release from prison indicates that there was some special intimacy (Acts xii, 12) between them, and this is confirmed by the language which he uses towards Mark as being his " son" (1 Pet. v, 13). She, it may be added, must have been, Hke Barnabas, of the tribe of Levi, and may have been connected, as ho was, with Cyprus (Acts iv, 3G). It has been surmised that filial anxiety about her welfare during the persecu- tions and the famine which harassed the Church at Je- rusalem, was the chief cause of Mark's withdrawal from the missionary labors of Paul and Barnabas. The tra- dition of a later age represented the place of meeting for the disciples, and therefore probably the house of Jlary, as having stood on the upper slope of Zion, and affirmed that it had been the scene of the wonder of the day of Pentecost, had escaped the general destruction of the city by Titus, and was still used as a church in the 4th century (Epiphan. I)e Pond, et Mens, xiv; Cyril HierosoL Caieck. xtI). — Smith. See JMark.
MARY
846
MARY
6. A Christian female at Rome, mentioned by Paul as having- formerly treated him with special kindness (Kom. xvi. (>). A.D. 54. As this is the only Hebrew name in the list (Jouatt, ad loc), and as the reading tig yi-iag in the same verse is disputed, it is possible that she was not a native of Rome.
Mary of Agreda. See Agreda, Maria de.
Mary of Egypt, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, according to her legend, ran away from her par- ents when twelve years of age ; led a very dissolute life for seventeen years at Alexandria, and then joined a party of pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem, with the intention of living there in the same manner. Arriving in that cit_y, she wished to visit the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but was held back by an unseen power ; she then knelt before an image of Mary, and vowed to re- form her life. She was now permitted to enter the church, and, after praying to the cross, asked the Vir- gin to direct her ^vhat she should do to be agreeable to God. A supernatural voice told her to go to the other side of Jordan, into the wilderness. ]\Iary obeyed, and lived there forty-seven years, enduring privations of aU kinds, until the monk Zosimus discovered her one day, an old, naked, sunburnt woman, covered with white hair. She asked him for his cloak, his prayers, and his bless- ing ; related to him her history, and asked him to come to see her again in a year, and to bring her the com- munion. As he came at the appointed time, she met him and communed with him. But when he went again to her, as appointed, three years afterwards, ha found only a corpse, and her name written beside her on the sand. After he had long tried in vain to dig a grave to bury her, a lion came and helped him. According to the general opinion, she died during the reign of Theo- dosius the Younger. Her grave became a great shrine, and a number of churches and chapels were placed un- der her protection. She is most honored in the Greek Church, and is commemorated on the 2d of April. See C. Baronii Murtyrologium Romanum (Moguntife, 1631', p. 200 sq.); Herzog, Real-Encijklopddie, ix, 105. (J. N.P.)
Mary, queen of England, daughter of Henry VHI by his iirst wife, Catharine of Aragon, is commonly called liloodij Queen Mary, on account of her cruel persecutions of the Protestants — " a history of horrors exceeded only by the persecutions in the Netherlands by Alva, and of Louis XIV after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes." She was born at Greenwich, on the 18th (Burnet says l!)th) of February, 1516. The only living one of sev- eral children liorne by her mother, she was on this ac- count, according to Burnet, and because her father was then "out of hopes of more children," declared in 1518 princess of Wales, and sent to Ludlow, to hold her court there, divers matches being projected for her, none of which, however, were carried into effect. After the di- vorce of Catharine, and Henry's marriage of Anne Bo- leyn, iNIary's position waned at court, anil finally the title of princess of Wales was transferred to princess Eliza- beth, soon after she came into the world. j\Iary had been brought up from her infancy in a strong attach- ment to the ancient religion, under the care of lier moth- er, and Margaret, countess of Salisbury, the effect of whose instructions was not impaired by the subsequent lessons of the learned Ludovicus Vives, who, though somewhat inclined to the Reformed opinions, was ap- pointed by Henry to be her Latin tutor. The profli- gate conduct of her father, and the wrongs inflicted upon her mother, naturally had the effect of making her still more attached to the Roman Catholics. But im- mediately after the execution of queen Anne in 1536, a reconcilement took place between Henr}' ami his el- dest daughter, who was now prevailed upo,n to make a formal acknowledgment both of Henry's ecclesiastical supremacy — utterly refusing " the bishop of Rome's ])re- tended authority, power, and jurisdiction within this realm heretofore usurped" — and of the nullity of the