Mast is the rendering in the Auth.Vers. of two Heb. words, ban (chibbel', so called from the ropes and staj'S with which it is fastened), occurs only in Prov. xxiii, 34, "Thou (that tarriest long at the wine) shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of the mast" (Sept. wrnvip Kvi^ipvl,- -i](j iv TToXX'p K-X/'t'itjri, Vulg, quasi sopilus gubernuior (imisso cl(ino), doubtless correctly as refcmng to an in- toxicated sailor falling asleep at the mast-head in a storm at sea. 'f'^T\ {to'ren, prob. i. q. 'j'^X, a pine-tree),
MASTER
871
MASTIC
the mast of a ship (Isa. xxiii, 23 ; Ezek. xxvii, 5; Sept. I'ffrocVulg. malus); also a siffiial-pole set up on moun- tains for an ensign (Isa. xxx, 17 ; Sept. iVroc, Vulg. ma- ins, Auth.Vers. '•beacon"). Ancient vessels had often two or three masts (see Smith's Diet, of Class. Antiq. s. V. aialus). See Ship.
Master is the rendering in the A.V. of the follow- ing Heb. and Greek words : ")ilX, adon', tcvpioQ, prop- erly lord, as usually rendered; bi'3, ba'al, an owner, hence master in the prevalent sense, h(7Trorr](^ ; also y\, rah, great or chief, usually in combination; ^b, sar, prince or captain, 'tTrinTurriQ ; finally hSuoKaXoi;, teacher. On " masters of assemblies" (Eccl. xii, 11), see Assembly. For master of the feast, see Architricli-
KUS.
MASTER, in a Christian point of view, is a person who has servants under him ; a ruler or instructor. The duties of masters relate, 1. To the civil concerns of the famlh/. They are to arrange the several businesses re- quired of servants; to give particular instructions for what is to be done, and how it is to be done ; to take care thai^ no more is required of servants than thev are equal to ; to be gentle in their deportment towards them : to reprove them when they do wrong, to commend them when they do right; to make them an adequate recom- pense for their services, as to protection, maintenance, wages, and character. 2. As to the morals of servants. Masters must look well to their servants' characters be- fore they hire them ; instruct them in the principles and confirm them in the habits of virtue ; watch over their morals, and set them good examples. 3. As to their re- Uffious interests. They should instruct them in the knowledge of divine things (Gen. xiv, 14: xviii, 19); pray with them and for them (Josh, xxiv, 15) ; allow them time and leisure for religious services, etc. (Eph. vi,9). See Stennett, On Domestic Duties, sen 8 ; Paley's HI oral Philosophij, i, 233, 235 ; Beattie's Elements of Moral Science, i, 150, 153 ; Doddridge's Lectures, ii, 266. — Henderson's Buck.
Masters of the Church, a name given (1) to the learned clergy who sat as advisers of the bishops in syn- ods ; (2) also to the residentiaries in a minster, as master of the lady chapel, being its keeper ; master of the chor- isters, master of tlie common hall, califactorj', or par- lor; master of converts, the superintendent of lay-broth- ers ; the master of the novices, always an elderly monk ; master of the song-school, master of the shrine, masters of the order or custodes, the great officers of the monas- tery.— Walcott, Sacred A rchceol. s. v.
Mastiaux, Caspar Anton von, a Roman Catholic theologian, was born at Bonn, Germany, March 3, 17G6. He became a canon at Augsburg in 17SG. and was or- dained to the priesthood, and appointed jireaeher at the cathedral of Augsburg, three years later. After tilling several subordinate positions, he was made privy-coun- cillor to the king of Bavaria in 180G. lie receiv'ed the degree of master of philosophy in 1784, doctor of laws in 1786, doctor of divinity in 1790, and was admitted as an honorary member to several academies and learned societies. His published works embrace De veteruni Ripuariorum statu civili et ecclesiastico commentatio his- torica (Bonn, 1784) : — A Historical and Geographical De- scription of the Archbishopric of Cologne : — On the neg- ative Character of Religious Principle among the Mod- ern French: — A Sketch of Borromeo, ArchMshojy of Mi- lan and Cardinal in the Romish Church: — The Passion- week, according to the Ritual of the Roman Church : — An Essay on Chorals and Hymns for the Church: — Several Collections of Hymns, and of Ancient and Modern Tunes: — .4 number of Sermons, and of miscillawous Speeches in German and Latin. He served for a time as editor of Felder's Literaturzeitung, for teachers of the Roman Catholic faith, and was noted for his pointed and satiri- cal style. The year of his death, which occurred at Munich, is not exactly known ; it is supposed to have
been 1828. — Wetzcr imd Welte, Kirchen-Lex. vi, 921. (G.M.)
Mastic ((TxTvoc, Vulg. lentiscus, A. Vers, "mastick- tree") occurs but once, and that in the Apocrypha (Su- san, v, 54), where there is a happy play upon the word. " Under what tree sawest thou them ? , . . under a mastic-tree (iitto axivov). And Daniel said . . . the angel of God hath received the sentence of God to cut thee in two {(yxiau os /licroi')." This is unfortunately lost in our version ; but it is preserved by the Vulgate, " sub schino . . . scindet te ;" and by Luther, '• Linde . . . finden." A similar play occurs in ver. 58, 59, between Ttpivoi' and Trpiuai ere. For the bearing of these and similar characteristics on the date and origin of the book, see Susanna.