Maiiz'zim (D''"S.''3 Sept. Maoj^ti/t v. r. MaioZii, Vulg. 2[aozim). The marginal note to the A. V. of Dan. xi, 38, " the God of Jhrce,^," gives, as the equiva- lent of the last w^ord, " Mauzzini, or gods protectors, or munitions." The Geneva version renders the Hebrew as a proper name both in Dan. xi, 38 and 39, where the word occurs again (marg. of A. V. "munitions"). In the Greek version of Theodotion, given above, it is treat- ed as a proper name, as well as in the Vulgate. The Sept., as at present printed, is evidently corrupt in this passage, but iaxvpa (ver. 37) appears to represent the word in question. In Jerome's time the reading was different, and he gives " Deum fortissimum" for the Latin translation of it, and '• Deum fortitudinum" for that of Aquila. He ridicules the interpretation of Por- phyry, who, ignorant of Hebrew, understood by " the god of Mauzzini" the statue of Jupiter set up in Modin, the citj' of Mattathias and his sons, by the generals of Antiochns, who compelled the Jews to sacrifice to it, " the god of Modin." Theodoret retains the reading of Theodotion (Ma^wti'/t being evidently for Maw^fi/i), and exjilains it of Antichrist, " a god strong and power- ful." 'I"he Peshito-Syriac has "the strong god," and Junius and Tremellius render it "Deum summi roboris," considering the Hebrew plural as intensive, and inter- preting it of the God of Israel. There can be little doubt that "Mauzzim" is to be taken in its literal sense of "fortresses," just as in Dan. xi, 19, 39, "the god of fortresses" being then the deity who presided over strongholds. But beyond this it is scarcely jiossil^le to coimect an appellation so general with any special ob- ject of idolatrous worshij). (irotius conjectured that Mauzzim was a modification of tlie name "A^uof. the war-god of the Phoenicians, mentioned in Julian's liymn
to the sun (Beyer, Addit. ad Seldenii "De Dea Syria," p. 275). Calvin suggested that it denoted " money," the strongest of all powers. By others it has been supposed to be Mars, the tutelary deity of Antiochus Epiphanes, who is the sufyect of allusion. The only autliority for this supposition exists in two coins struck at Laodicea, which are believed to have on the obverse the head of Antiochus with a radiated crown, and on the reverse the figure of Mars with a spear. But it is asserted, on the contrary, that aU known coins of Antiochus Epiph- anes bear his name, and that it is mere conjecture which attributes these to him ; and, further, that there is no ancient authority to show that a temple to INIars was built by Antiochus at Laodicea. The opinion of Gesenius is more probable, that " the god of fortresses" was Jupiter Capitolinus, for whom Antiochus built a temple at Antioch (Livj', xli, 20). By others it is re- ferred to Jupiter Olympius, to whom Antiochus dedi- cated the Temple at Jerusalem (2 Mace, vi, 2). See Ju- piTt'.R. Flirst (Ilandw. s. v.), comparing Isa. xxxiii, 4, where the reference is to Tyre, " the fortress of the sea," makes D'^"S'"2 equivalent to C'tl T'i"'!3j or even proposes to read for the former C tJ'TD, the god of the " stronghold of the sea," i. e. Melkart, the Tyrian Her- cules. A suggestion made by Mr. Layard (Xitieve/i, ii, 456, note) is worthy of being recorded, as being at least as well founded as any already mentioned. After describing Hera, the Assyrian Venus, as "stand- ing erect on a lion, and crowned with a tower or mural coronet, which, we learn from Lucian, was peculiar to the Shemitic figure of the goddess," he adds in a note, " May she be connected with the ' El Maozem,' the de- ity presiding over bulwarks and fortresses, the ' god of forces,' of Dan. xi, 38 ?" Pfeiffer {Dub. Vex. cent, iv, loc. 72) will only see in it " the idol of the Mass /" — Smith, s. V.
MaTW {^^p,, kebah', liolloio, only occurs in Dent, xviii, 3), the rough ventricle or echinus of ruminating ani- mals, which is the second of their four stomachs (Aris- totle, Hist. anim. ii, 17). So the Vulg., Onkelos, Saadias, and Flimahi interpret ; but Josephus (^4 nt. iv, 4), Philo (ii, 235, ed. Mang.), after the Sept. (JvvvaTpov, i. e. i}v- vvarpov), understand the fourth stomach, or omaiim, esteemed a great delicacy (like irij^e) among the an- cients (comp. Bochart, Hieroz. i, 571 ed. Lips.).
Ma-wmoisine or Malvoisine, William de, a Scotch Koman Catholic prelate, supposed to be a native of France, flourished in Scotland about the opening of the 13th century. He was made bishop of St. Andrew's in 1202; established many monasteries in that country, and was active in promoting a crusade to the Holy Land.
Ma'wson, Matthias, D.D., an English divine of the 18th century, became master of Corpus Christi Col- lege, Cambridge, in 1732 ; subsequently rector of Had- stock, Essex; bishop of LlandaflF in 1738; was trans- lated to Chichester in 1740, and in 1754 to Ely. He died about 1771. Bishop INIawson published only occa- sional Sermons (Lond. 1732, '33, '40, '41, '43, '46, '50). See AUibone, Diet. Brit, and A mer. A uthors, vol. ii, s. v.
Maxcy, Jonathan, D.D., a Baptist minister and noted American educator, was born in Attleborough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1768 ; graduated at Brown University in 1787, and immediately became a tutor in that institution. Deciding for the ministry, he was licensed to preach April 1, 1790, and was on Sept. 8, 1791, ordained pastor of the First Baptist Church of Providence, K. I. He was on the same day also elected both a trustee and professor of divinity "in the college, and in July, 1792, became president. His pastoral relations he severed Sejjtember 8, 1792. In 1802 he accepted the presiden- cv of Union College; and in 1804. the newly-estab- ifshcd South Carolina College having chosen him for its first president, he heeded tlie call, in the hope that a Soutliern climate would improve his health, which had Ijecome much impaired. Over this institution he con-