Mayow, Rohekt Wvxell, an English divine, was burn at Saltash, in the latter half of the 17tli century (1777); was educated at Exeter College, Oxford; and, after serving several curacies in succession, removed to Ardwick, near Manchester, but there he died, only three months after removal, in 1S17. Mr. Mayow is highly spoken of as a pulint orator. A noted English writer has compared him with Sterne for his great humor and strong feeling, which the two possessed in common. He publishe<l I'ldin I'reachinr/, or Sermons J'or the Poor and for I'cople of all Honks (Lond. 181G, 12mo) : — Ser-mons and Miscellaneous Pieces, to which is prefixed a Memoir
MAYK
931
MAZARIN
ofhb Life (1822, 12mo).— AJlibone, Did. of Brit, and A mer. A uth. s. v.
Mayr, Beda, a Benedictine monk, was born at Dii- itingen, in Bavaria, in 1742. He entered the cloister at Donauworth in his twentieth year. Finely cultured, and classed with the best talent of his day, he sought relief from the dulness of convent life by teaching math- ematics, poetry, rhetoric, philosophy, canon law, and tlie- ology. He was charged with being liberal to excess, and was both feared and distrusted by the clergy of the Eoman Catholic Church. His principal work. Defence of the Naturctl, Christian, and Catholic Religion, accoy-d- ing to the Necessities of our Time, was published at Augs- burg in 1787, and is still mentioned. He died April 28, 1794. A list of his works is given by Doring, Gelehrte Theol. Deutschlands, vol. ii, s. v. ; see also Wetzer and Vv'elte, Kirchen-Lexikon, vi, 953. (G. jM.)
Mayr, Colestin, a German theologian, was born April 21, 1G79, at Donauwiirth. In 1098 he entered the Benedictine Order at Augsburg ; later he became a stu- dent at the University of Salzburg, where in 1711 he was appointed professor of philosophy. In 1713 he ob- tained the professorship of polemical theology, and the inspection of the Salzburg schools. About this time he was made doctor of divinity. In 1714 he was appointed ecclesiastical counsellor of the duke of Salzburg, and at the same time became professor of scholastic theology. In 1716 he was appointed vice-rector of the university, in 1719 pro-chancellor, and in 1728 chief rector. In 1731 he retired from academic life, and thereafter held an official relation to the cloister Linzheim, in Neuburg, where he died, March 19, 1753. Mayr enjoyed great prominence as a writer of theology, but his productions have never been collected in book form. They consist mainly of dissertations and contributions to different journals. For a list of his writings, see Doring, Gelehrte Theol. Deutschlands, vol. ii, s. v.
Maysart. See Meysart.
Mazarin, Jules (properly Gnilio Mazzaiino), car- dinal, the celebrated prime-minister of king Louis XIV of France, the successor of cardinal Kichelieu, and inau- gurator of a reign noted for attainments in arms, lan- guage, tine arts, literature, industry, and a superior de- gree of splendor, was born of a noble Sicilian family July 14, 1G02, most probably at Piscina, near the lake of Celano, in Abruzzo Citra, though in the letters of nat- uralization granted him in France in 1639 it is stated that he was born at Rome, It is certain, however, that he received his education at the Eternal City, and hence, no doubt, the mistake as to his native place. In 1619 Mazarin went to Spain to pursue the study of juris- prudence, probably intending to enter the legal profes- sion, but, returning to Home in 1622, a little later he entered the military service, and was given a captain's commission in 1625. Soon after this he entered the service of the Church, and was emploj'ed as companion of the papal legate to France, and in this mission dis- played great political talents. In the difficulties arising out of the contested succession to the duchy of IMantua, in which France supported the pretensions of the count De Nevers, while the emperor of Germany, the king of Spain, and the duke of Savoj' supported those of the didie of Guastalla, Slazarin was sent by pope Urban to Turin as the assistant of cardinal Sacchetti. The latter at once perceived his talent, gave him his entire confidence, and in fact devolved upon him the entire managemeitt of the negotiation. It v.'as not immediately successful, for in 1629 Louis XIII in person invaded Savoy, took Suza, and forced the duke of Savoy to abandon his alli- ance with Spain. Finally Sacchetti returned to Rome, l(javing Jlazarin, with the title of " internuncio,'' to con- tinue the negotiations. Cardinal Barberini. the pope's nephew, returned in Sacchetti's stead, and Barberini found Mazarin as indis])ensablc as had his predecessor. Mazarin labored unceasingly to restore peace. He vis- ited the contending powers ; in 1630 he saw Louis XIII
and cardinal Richelieu, who both formed a high opinion ' of him, and in 1631 he finally succeeded in effecting the treaty of Cherasco, liy which peace was restored, ]\Iaz- arin at this time displayed considerable trickery in fa- vor of France, and by this unfair partiality acquired the hatred of the courts of Spain and Germany, but the thanks of Louis and Richelieu, who recommended '• the able negotiator" to the favor of the pope. Shortly after he was to receive at the hands of the French cardinal and prime-minister the reward due for his great services to Louis XIII. In 1634 he was named vice-legate to Avignon, but was sent to Paris as nuncio to intercede with Louis XIII in favor of the duke of Lorraine, whose duchy the king of the French had taken possession of. Mazarin, vunv unequivocally drawn towards Richelieu, of course failed to accomplish the task assigned him by the holy father. Mazarin returned to Rome in 1636 as the avowed supporter of French interests, and, on the death of Richelieu's celebrated confidant, father Jo- seph, pope Urban was solicited by Louis XIII and his minister to bestow upon Mazarin the cardinal's hat promised for father Joseph, but, as Urban refused, Maz- arin in 1639 quitted Italy for France, and there entered the service of the king as a naturalized Frenchman. In