See Biixtorf, Lex. C/uikl. Talm. et Rabbin. (Basle, 1G40, fol.), coll. 1267 sq. ; id. Stpiofioga Juduka, ch. i; Hulsius, Tlieol. .fiid. (Bredw, 1053, 4to) ; Pocock, Theol. Works, i, 159 sq. ; Johannes i\ Lent, Hist, of False Messiahs (in Ugolini's Thesaurus, entitled De Pseudo-Messiis') ; Eisenmenger, Kntdecktes Judenlhum (Kiinigsb. 1711, 2 vols. 4to), ii, 647 sq., a book to be read very guardedly; 5on\n,Retnarks on Eccl. Hist. in, 330 ; .Birch, De Messia (Havn. 1789) ; Harris, Sermons on the Messiah ; Simpson, Key to the Pi'ophecies, sec. 9; Maclaurin, On the Prophecies relating to the Messiah ; Fuller, Jesus the true Messiah; Stehelin, Traditions of the Jews (Lond. 1751-52, fol.) ; De Rossi, Delia rana as- pettazione deyli Kbrei dd loro lie Messia (Parma, 1773, 4to); Bertholdt,r7;;/.s7(//<«//a Jud. Jesu apostolonnnque yEtate (Erlangen, 1811) — convenient but superficial; Lange, Life of Christ (see Index); Liddon, Dirinity of Christ, p. 69," 77, 91 ; Alger, IJist. Fut. Life, p. 169, 219, 353 ; Sadler, Emanuel, p. 97 sq. ; IMilman, Hist, of the Jews, ii, 432 sq. ; iii, 366 ; Allen, Mod. Judaism, \\ 253 sq. ; Young, Christolof/y of the Turyums (Edinb. 1853) ; Just, Gesch. der Jsraeliten, vol. viii ; Griitz, Gesch. der Juden (see Index in vol. vi, vii, viii, and x); Michel Nicolas, Des doctrines rel. des Juifs pendant lis deux sie- cles anterieurs a Vere Chretienne (Paris, 1860, 8vo), p. 266 sq. i h&ngcn, J udenth. zur Zt it Christi (Frcib. 1866), p. 391 s(|. ; (irau, Semiten vnd Jndoyermaucn (2tl ed. Stuttg. 1867, sm. 8vo), Introd. and chap, v; Rule, Ka- raites (Lond. 1870, 12mo), p. 132 sq. ; Jouni. Sac. Lit, 1873, Jan. art. viii; Jahrb. deutsch. Theol. 1867, ii, 340 sq. ; Chiislian Examiner, 1869, p. 96; Enyl. Rer. \iii, 182; Christian Monthly, 1844, Nov. p. 581; Aational Rei: April, 1863, p. 466 sq.; 1864, p. 554 sq.; Old and Xeu; 1870, Ajiril, p. 545; Neic-Enylandir, v, 360 sq.; x, 102 sq.; Jiiblioth. Sac. xi, 609 sq. ; Hamburger, Real- Encyklop.f. hibel u. Talmud, art. Jlessias. (J. II. W.)
Messi'as (Mffffriat,), the Gnecizcd form (John i, 41 ; iv, 25) of the Heb. thle Messiah (q. v.), translated Christ.
Messina, Axtoxeixa da, an Italian painter, was born at Messina some time between 1414 and 1426; studied in the Xelherlands in the school of Joliann van Eyck, where be learned the secret of the i)reiiaration and use of oil-colors, and spread the knowledge of it
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afterwards among the Venetians. Authors differ wide- ly as to this artist, and very little is known of his life. His principal works are the head oi Sf. Sebastian and a Mtt'liiiiiiii 11/"/ Child, in the Berlin Jluseum. A Christ boinul to II I'illiir is in the Manfrini Gallery at Venice, and a Dend Christ, with three weeping angels, in the Imperial Gallery of Vienna. A Crucijixion, with the Virgin and St. John, is in the Antwerp Museum ; and in the Academy of Venice is a Weeping Nun. Two altar- pieces by him are recorded, which were painted for the two churches of the -Dominante, besides several ]\Ia- donnas and sacred subjects for individuals. He died about 1490. See Vasari, Lives of the Painters, transl. by Foster (London, 1850, 5 vols. 8vo), ii, 55 ; Spooner, Bio- graphical History of the Fine Arts (N. Y. 18G5, 2 vols. 8vo), vol. ii, s.v.
Mestrezat, Jean, a distinguished French Prot- estant theologian, was born at Geneva in 1592. He studied theology at Saumur, and was in 1615 appoint- ed pastor at Charenton, near Paris, which position he held until his death, May 2, 1657. He took part in the national synod held at Charenton in 1623, and presided over that of 1631. Among the important events of his life, we must mention three public conferences he held, the first with P. Veron, a Jesuit, the great polemic of his order ; the second with P. Eegourd, in the presence of Anne of Austria ; and the third with abbot De Retz (afterwards cardinal), who relates the most striking feat- ures of it in his Meinoires. Mestrezat was distinguished for his inflexible firmness of purpose. It is said that he once defended the cause of Protestantism in the pres- ence of the cardinal De Richelieu with so much vivacity that that prelate could not help remarking, " Here is the most daring minister in France." Like his col- league Daille (q. v.), he inclined towards the views of the theologians of Saumur concerning hypothetical uni- versalism. His most important works are : De la Com- muuiim de Jesus Christ au sacrement de V Eucharistie, contre les Cardinaux Bellai-min et Du Peri'on (Sedan, 162-4, 8vo) : — Traite de VEcriture Sainte, contre le Jesuite Regourd et le Cardinal Du Perron (Gen. 1642, 8vo) : — Traite de VEglise (Gen. 1649, 4to) : — Sermons sur la venue et hi nuissanre de Jesus Christ au mond^ (Gen. 1649, 8vo) : — '^rniuins sur les chapitres XII <t Xllfde UEpi- ire au.v Ifrhnux ((icn. 1655, 8vo) : — Mugt sermons sur dirers te.rtes (Sedan, 1625, 12mo; Gen. 1658, 8vo). See Meinoir<s du Conlinal de Retz (Petitot's collection), xliv, 130; Bayle, Diet. Hist.; Senebier, Hist. Litt. de Geneve; llaag, La F?-ance Protest. \-ii,-iOO; Andre, Essai sur les (Buvres de J. Mestrezat (Strasb. 1847) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxv, 184; Herzog, Real-Encgkl. ix, 443 ; A.Vinct, I/isf. de la Predication, p. 143. (J. N. P.)