PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 6
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,371,720 words · 1335 reading sections
Section 1
I w^ry:. . wmm %:5i 'k,^'. m^: ^i'^J^. /" ^mg j^^m- m^ CYCLOPEDIA BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. PKEPAEED BY THE REV. JOHN M'CLINTOCK, D.D., AND JAMES STRONG, S.T.D. Vol. VI.— ME-NEV. PRIVATE LIBRARY RICHARD C. HALXCn-rM N E W Y O E K : HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, FRANKLIN…
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Mead, Richard, a distinguished English physi- cian, who was born at Stepney in 1673, and after stndyiug at the most eminent medical schddls ou the Continent, returned and settled in Eii-l.iiid. .tikI liecame one of the most celebrated practitioners dl' his time, wrote a treatise on the diseases mentioned in Scripture, …
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Meadow, a term used in the A. V. as the transla- tion of two Ileb. words, neither of whicli seems to have this meaning. We adopt substantially the explanations of them found in Smith's I)ictionai-y, s. v. See Abel. 1. Gen. xli,2 and 18. Here the wonl in the original is WXn (with the delinite article), ha-Achii'. It ap-…
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Meals. SeeDiXE; Repast; Sii'; and the article following. Meal-time (^3^ rV,eth o'AW, the season of eat- ing, Ruth ii, 14). That the Hebrews took their princi- pal meal {cana, supper) in the latter part of the after- noon or towards evening, follows as well from the cir- cumstance that banquets and convivial entertanim…
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5 MEANS 282; Arvieux, P'oyrtr/e, iii, 238; Pococke, ii, 63 ; Niebuhr Besch. p. 53 ; Shaw, Trav. p. 203 ; Burckhardt, Wahaby p. 51 ; Rosenmiiller, Morgenl. iv, 138 ; Robinson, ii, 726- 111, 201). Whether they drank wine during the meal (like the Romans) or after it (like the Egyptians, Herod. 11, 278, and Persians, Her…
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MEAXS Sanctus, qui fidem afficit, ubi et quando visum est Deo in [ iis, qui audiunt Evangolium," etc. To this statement is joined the declaration, " Uamnant Anabaptistas et alios, ([ui sentiunt, Spiritum Sanctum contingerc sine verbo \ I xterno hominibus per ipsorum prasparationes ad opera." Tlie Ileidelberfi CaltchUm…
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fers at once from the Koman Catholic, by its conception of a miinsleriiim in the place of a sarerdotiiim. They next differ in the relative position they assign to the means of grace. Protestants maintain that this grace is fir.st communicated through the Word of (iod, and confirmed by the sacraments; Roman Catholics, o…
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With regard to the action and the necessity of the means of grace, the differences of the different confes- sions come again into plaj-. While the evangelical churches teach that the sacraments are agents of sanc- tification for those who receive them with faith, strength- ening and increasing that faith, the Roman Cat…
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Measure is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of a ' meat-oftcring, and the peace-offering (Lev. ii, 1, ctc.)- nuniher of Hebrew and Greek terms, some of which are ' a"^! which consisted solely of Hour, or corn, and od, sac- descriptive of dimension or extent generallv, while oth- I "'i^^s of flesh being confuted to the …
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Meat.— I. It does not appear that the word " meat" is use.l in anv one instance in the Authorized Version *^"''''" "^'''®'® ^^^ isniissing left Tpo<pi) and jSpioixa (with its kindred words, liptZaic, etc.), both words bearing the widest possible significa- tion, and meaning everything that can be eaten fir can nourish…
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The prohibition of eating blood, or animals that are strangled, has been always rigidly observed by the Jews. In the council of the apostles held at Jerusalem, it was declared that converts from paganism should not be subject to the legal ceremonies, but that they should refrain from idolatry, from fornication, from ea…
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MEAT-OFFERIXG MEAT-OFFERIXG (Xuitib. xxix, 0, 10). The same was tlie case with pri- | 11 sq.; I>ev. xxiii); at other times they were pricate vate sacrifices, as at (l)//ieco/wecrt/^w«o/p-M-A7s(Exod. i (n^n-^ msr), as that of the purification of the leper xxix, 1,2; Lev.vi, 20; \\\\,2) and of Ucilts (Numb, i (Lev. xiv…
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burnt-offering could be presented without a meat or I and in the presentation the loaves were broken in pieces drink offering (see Lev. vii, 8 si|.); and drink-offerings I and oil poured on them (Lev. ii, 5 stj.) ; or, finally, in were associated likewise with thank-offerings (Lev. vii, the r'^jn"!^, i. e., according t…
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Mecca {Om Al-Kora, Mother of Cities), the birth- place of Mohammed, and therefore the central and most sacredly guarded and honored city of Arabia, is one of its oldest towns, the capital of the province of Hejaz. It is situated in 21° 30' N. lat., and 40° 8' E. long., 245 miles south of Medina (q. v.), and about 65 mi…
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a, a piece of dark wood applied to one of ordinnry quality, fc. r, adie, fixed into a block of wood of the i to those used by our carpenters. - - *■— Kio' o ,« rrr„„l,n .t^^'Fi^ ^u ^^ng'.;^:^^" ;:^u;.;^t So ii;; fi^r;;;: ^eii^^ ^^.3, .ppiying gh.a with . bmsh.p. 9 10 BandaKinjc Mummies nnd making the Cases. (Wilkins…
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Thenceforth Mechitar appeared openly as a Roman Catholic. To escape from the animosity of his countrj'- men he still found it necessary to remove in disguise to Smyrna, and finally he settled at Modon, in the INIorea, uncler the protection of the Venetian government, to whom it then belonged. As early as Sept. 8, 1701…
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Anotlier Mechthildis, also honored as a saint in the Koman Catholic Church, flourished near the middle of | the 12th centurj'. .She was a descendant of the counts of Andechs. In early youth she commenced to mani- fest signs of piety, and when she attained the requisite age she became a nun in the Ojnvent of Diessen, in…
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MEDABA 13 MEDE between the nobles and the biu^rher and equestrian i he refused at first, but was finally induced to accept by landowners, the former am>gaiing to themselves the king Clotaire himselt\ and the two dioceses continued exclusive rijjht of electing members into the equestrian to be administered by the s…
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the well-known nation of the Metles. Pn^l«bly. there- fore, all that the writer intends to assert in Gen. x. 2 is that the Jlede-s as well as the Gomerites. Greeks. Til«- reni. Moschi, etc.. descendeil frv>m Japhet. Minlem science has found that, both in physical t>-pe and in language, the Meiles belong to that family …
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(Seetzen, in Zach's Monat. Con-esj^. xviii. 431 ; Burck- hardt, Trav. in Syria, p. 305 sq.). The foundations of an ancient temple observed by th^se travellers on the w^est of the town are perhaps those of the Christian church which it once contained (»/ ttoXic Mjytfi/^wi', Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, 709-772). A larg…
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The division of Media commonly recognised by the Greeks and Romans was that into Media Magna and Media Atropatene (Strabo, xi, 13, § 1 ; comp. Polyb. v, 44; Pliny, H. X. vi, 13 ; Ptolera. vi, 2, etc.). 1. Media Atropatene, so named from the satrap Atropates, who became independent monarch of the province on the destruc…
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In tireat JleiHa lay the metropolis of the countr_y, the Ecbatana of that district (Pliny, Hist. Nat. vi, 17), as well as tlie province of Rhagiana and the city Rhaga?, with the above Nisasan plain, celebrated in the time of the Persian empire for its horses and horse-races (Herod, iii, 106; Arrian, vii, 13 ; Heeren,/(…
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The invasion of Temen-bar was probably more like an Arab raid than a militarj' conquest. His successors on the Assyrian throne were almost incessantly engaged in hostilities with the Medes (KawUnso!i's JItrodot. i, 404) ; and Sargon appears to have been the first who attempted to occupy the countrj- with regular garris…
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2. The Median Empire. — (1.) Its Estahlishmenf.—Yrom the foregoing notices we may conclude that the Medes migrated from beyond the Indus to the country on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea not later than the 9th century B.C. ; that they settled there as a number of distinct tribes (probably six, as Herodotus state…
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government established by the Medes over the con- ^ that the great empire was united under one head. Cy- quered nations, we possess but little trustworthy evi- rus was consequently the first king of the Medo-Persian dence. Herodotus in one place compares, somewhat l dominions, without any discredit to Daniel's statemen…
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(:>.) ConlfKCf^ce irilh the Persian Kmpirc^-lt is uni- ' tion CHerodotus, i, 20C). Thucydides, who ranks in the versally allowed that the Median king who succeeded foremost place of (irecian historj-, invariably styles the Cyaxares was hw son Astyages; but of the character barbarous power that liad nearly confjuerf d (…
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INIedia, with the rest of the Persian empire, fell under the sway of Alexander the (ireat. At his death the northern province was erected by the satrap Atropates into an independent state, and called Atropatene. The southern province, Media Magna, was attached with Babylon to the kingdom of the Seleucida\ The whole cou…
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3. JMif/ioii. — The ancient religion of the Medes must undoubtedly have been that simple creed which is placed before us in the earlier portions of the Zcndavesta. Its peculiar cliaracteristic was Dualism, the belief in the existence of two opposite principles of good and evil, nearly if not quite on a par with one ano…
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In the apocryphal Scriptures the ]Medes occupy a more prominent place. The chief scene of one whole book (Tobit) is ]\ledia, and in another (.ludith) a very striking portion of the narrative belongs to the same country. But the historical character of both these books is with reason doubted, and from neither can we der…
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3. These premises being settled as the actual relations between the parties, the grand problem arises. How can this mutual disagreement be removed? That the change, if any, must take place in man, is obvious, not only because God is immutable, but because he certainly has not been at fault. The offender alone must make…
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effect upon others as the essential objects to be attained. !See Punishment. But, in the case in hand, these ex- ternal and disinterested observers can consist only of the angels and inhabitants of other worlds, inasmuch as our own race is wholly included in the culprit himself. Of the moral constitution or even existe…
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Mediator, a jicrson parties at variance, in order to reconcile them. The ur in the Old Test., but the idea is con- penalty due to ourselves has been found to be the most effectual softener of the rebel heart, and the condition of genuine contrition is the best safeguard against tlie abuse of clemency. In this light th…
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(1.) One of the first and most palpable predictions which we have of the prophetic character of Christ is that of Moses (Deut. xviii, 15):" The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me ; unto him ye shall hearken." That this refers to Christ we are assured by …
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Nor are the two natures of Christ more apparent in his death than thej' are in the intercession which he ever liveth to make in behalf of all who come unto God by him (Ileb. vii, 25). The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews teaches us (chaps, vii, ix) that the high-priest under the Levitical dispensation typified Chri…
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For a more ami»le view of this important subject, see MEDICAMENTUM Flavel. Panstratia of Shamiei; vol. iii (Geneva, folio), vii, 1, in which the views of the Eomish Church are ably controverted. See also Brinsley (John), Chrisfs Mediation (Lond. 1657, 8 vo) ; Gill's Bocli/ of Dirinity, i, 33G; Witsii (Econ. Fad. lib.…
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3. Cosmo's grandson, Lorenzo, afterwards surnamed the " Magnificent" (born Jan. 1, 1448, died April 8, 1492), was introduced to a knowledge of public affairs, on ac- count of the infirmities of his father, immediately upon the decease of Cosmo. Though only a j'outh, he was at once pushed forward to take upon himself th…
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publican institutions. Lorenzo sought in more than one way to conciliate the sturdy reformer, but all ef- forts ])roved futile. Not even the cardinalate could tempt him [see Savonarola], and Lorenzo was forced to admit himself, "Uesides this man, I have never seen a true monk." Gradually Savonarola gave system to his r…
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Pietro possessed neither capacity nor prudence, and in the troubles which the ambition of her princes and the profligacy of her popes brought upon Italy, by plunging her into civil and foreign war, he showed him- self treacherous and vacillating alike to friends and foes. Lodovico Sforza, surnamed the " Moor," relying …
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Medicine (HS^^ri, teruphah', a medical powder, Ezek. xlvii, 12 ; Sept. vylna, comp. ^(pa-n-eia of Rev. xxii,2; Yulg. medicina; also the plur. niXS'7, repliuoth', medicaments, or remedies for wounds, Jer. xxx, 13 ; xlvi, 11 ; " healed," Ezek. xxx, 21 ; but ililX gehah ', in Prov. xvii, 12, is properly the removal of the…
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Of midwifery we have a distinct notice (Exod. i, 15), and of women as its practitioners, which fact may also be verified from the sculptures (Kawlinson's note on Herod, ii. 84\ The sex of the practitioners is clear from tlie Hob. grammatical forms. The names of two, Shiphrah and Puah, are recorded. The treatment of new…
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This school, however, was opposed by another, known as the Methodic, which had arisen under the leading of Themison, also of Laodicea, about the period of Pompey the Great. Asclepiades paved the way for the " meth- od" in question, finding a theoretic basis in the corjjus- cular or atomic theory of physics which he bor…
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But, as Israel grew and multiplied in Eg^7)t, they doubtless derived a large mental cultivation from their position until cruel policy turned it into bondage; even then Moses was rescued from the lot of his bretliren, and became learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, in- cluding, of course, medicine and cognate sc…
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mon, may have conduced to the establishment of these rites, and drawn away the popular homage, especially in prayers during sickness, or thanksgivings after recovery, from Jehovah. The statement that king Asa (2 Chron. xvi, 12) "sought not to Jehovah hut to the physicians," may seem to countenance the notion that a riv…
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8. In the New Testaimnt.— Luke, " the beloved phy- sician," who practiced at Antioch while the body was his care, could hardly have failed to be conversant with all the leading opinions current down to his own time. Situated between the great schools of Alexandria and Cilicia, within easy sea-transit of both, as well a…
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perience. The freedom with which he follows or re- jects earlier opinions has occasioned him to be classed by some among the Eclectic school. His work is divi- ded into— I, the causes and signs of (1) acute and (2) chronic diseases; and, II, the curative treatment of (1) I acute and (2) chronic diseases. His boldness…
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to Materia Medica. Indeed, this branch of ancient science remained as he left it till the times of the Ara- bians ; and these, though they enlarged the supply of drugs and pharmacy, yet copy and repeat Dioscorides, as, indeed, Galen himself often does, on all common sub- ject-matter. Above 90 minerals, 700 plants, and …
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2. Among special diseases mentioned in the Old Test, are, ophthalmia (Gen. xxix, 17, 0^3^ msS'S), which is perhaps more common in Syria and Egj'pt than anj^- where else in the world, especially in the tig season, the juice of the newly-ripe fruit having the power of giving 1 it. It may occasion partial or total blindne…
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MEDICINE 35 MEDICINE contact ; e. g. two women in the aforesaid leper-huts re- mained uncontaminated thoiigli their husbands were both affected, and yet the children born to them were, like the fathers, elephantisiac, and became so in early life. On the children of diseased parents a watch for the appearance of the …
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In Deut. xxviii, 65 it is possible that a palpitation of the heart is intended to be spoken of (comp. Gen. xlv, 26). In Mark ix, 17 (comp. Luke ix, 38) we have an apparent case of epilepsy, shown especially in the foam- ing, falling, wallowing, and similar violent symptoms mentioned ; this might easily be a form of dem…
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Here should be noticed the mental malady of Saul. His melancholy seems to have had its origin in his sin; it was therefore grounded in his moral nature, but ex- tended its effects, as commonly, to the intellectual. The "evil spirit from God," whatever it mean, was no part of the medical features of his case, and may th…
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MEDICINE 37 MEDICINE even of generation, onwards to the attamment of the " grand cUmacteric," and the second from that epoch backwards through a corresponding period of decUne till the point of dissolution is reached. These are respect- ively called the r\'-'hvn i:ai and the mi^S'n i?3i of the rabbins (Wunderbar, 2t…
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indeed is found to mark the Mosaic system, in the regu- lations concerning diet, the " divers washings," and the pollution imputed to a corpse — nay, even in circumci- sion itself. These served not only the ceremonial pur- pose of imparting self-consciousness to the Hebrew, and keeping him distinct from alien admixture…
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The rite of circumcision, besides its special surgical operation, deserves some notice in connection with the general question of the health, longevity, and fecundity of the race with whose history it is identified. Besides being a mark of the covenant and a symbol of purity, it was perhaps also a protest against the p…
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MEDICINE 39 MEDICINE alba, cassia, ladanum, ijalbamcm, frankincense, storax, nard, gum of various trees, musk, hlatta byzantina ; and these minerals — bitumen, natrum, borax, alum, clay, ai'tites, quicksilver, litharge, yellow arsenic. The fol- lowing preparations were also well known : Theriacas, an antidote prepar…
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V. Lite7-atirre. — Besides the usual authorities on He- brew antiquities, Talmudical and modern, Wunderbar (Istes Heft, p. 57-69) has compiled a collection of writ- ers on the special subject of scriptural, etc., medicine, including its psychological and botanical aspects, as also its political relations; a distinct se…
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etc. (the Good, Sweet, etc.), and mentioned by Ptolemy as Juthrippa : the holiest city of Moliammedan coun- tries, next to IMecca, and the second capital of Hejaz in Western Arabia, is situated about 270 miles north of Mecca, and 140 north by east of the port of Jembo, on the Bed Sea, and contains about 16,000 inhabita…
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Medler, Nicholas, one of the three principal dis- ciples of Luther, was born at Hof, in Saxony, in 1502. He studied at Erfurt and Wittenberg, where lie held conferences on the Old TeSt. and mathematics. He af- terwards opened a school at Eger, but came into conflict with the authorities of that city for teaching the do…
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MEENE 42 MEETING Meene, IlKiNnicir, a German theoloc^ian, was born at Hremen April 11, 1710, and was educated at the uni- versities of Ilelrastiiilt and Leipsic. In 1734 he entered the ministry as pastor at Yolkersheim, near Ilildesheim, and in 17i57 removed to Quedlinburg, where, in addition to his pastoral labors …
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(3.) Quarterly Meeting, among the Society of Friends, is an assembly composed of several monthly meetings. At the quarterly meeting are produced written answers from the monthly meetings to certain (lueries respect- ing the conduct of their members, and the meetings' care over them. The accounts thus received are di- g…
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Megapolensis, Joannes, a minister of the (Dutch) Reformed Church, was the second clergyman sent out by the Classis of Amsterdam to this country, under the patronage of the Dutch West India Company and the patroon Van Rensselaer (in 1642). He was also the frst missionarij to the Didiaiis, preceding the cele- brated " a…
1,178 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.