MICHEL
229
MICHELOZZI
A ssidcean, the word used for the Puritans of the New- Testament times), who placed a sword between himself and Michal, Saul's daughter, lest he should go in mito her." It was thus, perhaps, as Abarbanel remarks, or- dered by Providence that the race of Said and David should not be mixed, and that no one deriving any ap- parent right from Saul should succeed to the throne.
Her name appears but once again (2 Sam. xxi, 8), as the bringer-up, or more accurately the mother, of five of the grandchildren of Saul who were sacrificed to Je- hovah by the Gibeonites on the hill of Gibeah. But it is probably more correct to substitute Merab for Michal in this place (see Hitzig, Begr.der Krit. p. 145 sq.; Fliesch- mann, l)e Jiliis Michal, Altorf, ITIG). See Adriel.
Michel, Augustin, a German Roman Catholic theologian, was born in 1G61, at UnterstorflF, Bavaria, and was educated at the University of DUlingen. He studied both theology and law, and secured the doc- torate in divinity and also in law. After finishing his studies, he returned as teacher to the convent-school of his native place, where he had prepared for the univer- sity. He was afterwards appointed ecclesiastical coun- sellor by the prince elector of Cologne, the prince bishop of Freising, and the prince abbot of Kempten. He died in 1751. Some of his most important works, besides many dissertations and contributions to periodicals, are, Expositiones in Psalmos, in Cantica, Cenciones doinini- cales, etc. (never published) : — Theoloffia canonico-mo- ralis (1707, fol.) : — Dejuro et justitia,juridice et theolo- gice tractata contra L, B. de Schmid (Komie, 1699, 8vo) : — Discussio theologica de contritione et attntione (ibid. 1710, 4to): — Confutatio in/amis lihri cid Litalis Expos- tulatio contra damnationem Quesnellii, etc. (Landeshuti, 1719, 4to).
Michel, Francois, a French visionary, was born at Salon, in Provence, in 1G61. To this name is attached the memory of an extraordinary adventure, which, to- wards the close of the summer of 1699, created a great sensation in France. Michel practiced at Salon- the trade of a farrier. When thirty-eight years of age, the father of a family, and well known in his vicinity, he claimed to have the following vision : " One even- ing, in the field, returning home, he saw at the foot of a tree, and surrounded by a great light, a beautiful fair woman, clothed in white, with a mantle arranged in court-fashion, who, calling Michel by his name, told him that she was the late queen, Marie Therese, who had been married to the king. After having confided to him some things of great importance, she ordered him, under pain of death, to go and reveal them to the king, adding that if at first he could not obtain an audience with the king, he should demand to see a minister of state, but that he should reserve certain secrets for the king alone. This apparition was renewed three times. Yielding finally to these injunctions, the farrier repaired to Aix, to the intendant of Provence, who, surprised at the good sense and firmness of this man, gave him let- ters to the ministers, and paid his wa}'. This marvel- lous story spread in all directions. Michel had scarcely arrived at Marseilles, when he sought JI. de Brissac, major of the body-guard, and, without permitting him- self to be disheartened, insisted on having access to the king. Louis XIV, informed of the singular obstinacy of Michel, finally consented to receive the farrier, and had with him two interviews; but to this day the con- versation between the king and his subject remains a mystery. To his friends the king pronounced Jlichel a man of great good sense. Michel returned to his prov- ince, furnished with a sum of money, and provided for during the remainder of his life." This singular case was much commented upon. While some admitted the reality of a providential mission, others saw in it only a tissue of bold trickery, of which Michel, in his simplici- ty, was the first dupe. We are told to place all this story to the account of a Madame Arnoul, a romantic and. intriguing woman, widow of the intendant of ma-
rine at Marseilles, and who preser\-ed a secret and inti- mate friendship for a long time with INIadame de INIainte- non. Michel, fatigued with the curiosity of which he was the object, retired to Lan9on, a village near Aix, where he died, December 10, 1726. Saint-Simon, Me- moires, xi, 16 sq. (edit. Cheruel) ; Proyart, Vie du Dau- phin p'ere de Louis X VI. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Ge- nerate, s. v.
Michel, Georg Adam, a German theologian, was born Sept. 23, 1708, at Walpheim; was educated at the school of his native place, and studied theology at the University of Jena. Afterwards he assisted his father in his ecclesiastical functions for seven years, was then appointed inspector of the orphan asylum at Oet- tingen, with the title Counsellor of the Consistorj' ; and died March 21, 1780. Michel combined with a great knowledge in theology a thorough acquaintance with history. He contributed largely to the Oettingische Bib- liothek (Oettingen, 1758, 8vo), and to the Oettingische politische kirchliche und gtlehrten Geschichte (ibid. 1772- 79, 3 vols. 8vo).
Michel, Jean, a French ecclesiastic, was born at Beauvais about the close of the 14th centurj'. He was at first counsellor to Louis II, king of Sicily; then canon of Rouin, of Aix, and of Anglers. He was appointed bishop of Anglers by the state, February 28, 1439 ; arch- deacon Guillaume d'Estouteville, of the same diocese, however, obtained edicts from the pope for the bishop- ric. Fortified with these bulls, he presented himself to the chapter, and demanded the deposition of Michel ; but, instead, the supplicant himself was removed. Guil- laume persisted notwithstanding, and seated himself as bishop of Anglers in the Council of Florence, while Jean Michel was seated with the same title in the Council of Basle. Stormy dissensions ensued, which the pope Eu- genius endeavored to terminate by appointing Guillaume successively bishop of Digne and cardinal. But a man of so great an origin, and so powerful in his alliances, was not to be satisfied with these transactions. His in- trigues continued to involve the bishopric in constant agitation. The plebeian Jean Michel had, however, res- olute partisans. Few prelates have left in the Church of Anglers such honorable memories. The kings of France have several times demanded, though in vain, his canonization by the Church of Rome. Michel died Sept. 11, 1447. See Gallia Christiana, vol. xiv, col. 580 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.