Milon (4), a French prelate, was born in England, of French descent, about the latter part of the 11th cen- tury. Milon, bishop of Terouanne, having died in 1158, Miion was appointed his successor, having formerly been archdeacon of that church. A letter written to pope
MILOX
280
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Alexander III, in favor of Thomas iv Becket, has been attributed to him. A friend of John of Salisburj', bish- op of Chartres, has addressed two of his epistles to him. He died at Terouanne, Sept. 14, IWJ.—Uallia Christ. X, col. lo4«; I/h/. Lilt, de la France, xiii, 287; Hoefer, Noia: Biof/. Generale, s. v.
Milon (5), a French ecclesiastic, Avas born about the beginning of the 12th centun,-. He was sent by Innocent HI to preach a crusade against the Albigen- ses. Subsequently he led the crusaders, marched un- der the walls of Beziers, and besieged and burned that place, after having slaughtered the iidiabitants. Milon is mentioned for the last time as being present at the council held at Avignon, Sept. G, 1209. In the collec- tion of the letters of Innocent HI published by Baluze arc two letters from his legate. They also attribute to this fanatic a prayer to the Virgin, which has been in- serted by P. Benoit in his Ilistoire iks A Ibigeois, i, 279. See Hist. Lilt, de la France, xvii, 2G; Hoefer, A'ouv. Biof/. Generale, s. v.
Milon, JoiiASN XicoLAi s, a German theologian, was born at Hamburg Nov. 2, 1738; was educated at the Johanneum, and later at the gymnasium of his na- tive citj'. In 1760 he entered the University of Got- tingen, where he studied ancient languages and Church history. He returned iu 1764 to Hamburg, and was aj)- pointed in 1765 professor of philosophy at Kiel ; in 1769 he was appointed minister at Llineburg, and in 1770 at Wandsbeck, where he died, June 10, 1795. Some of his im])ortant works are, Diss.de scrihurum erroribus in textu Uebraico V. T.impresso (Kilouii, 1764, 4to) : — Observa- tiones critica in aliquot Veteris Fcedeiis luca (ibiii. 1765, 4to) : — Kritische A nmerlcunrjen iiber eini^e Stellen des A l- ten Testaments (Kiel, 1768, 8vo) : — Ettcas iiber 1 Mos. xUi, 10 vnd Mutt. V, 31, 32 (Hamburg, 1788, 8vo).
Miltiades, an early ecclesiastical writer, noted for his able defence of the orthodox Church against the Montanists, is supposed tt) have flourished towards the close of the 2d centur}-, Eusebius and Jerome mention his writings, but there is now no trace of these sujiposed valuable productions. He is said to have lived under Marcus Aurclius (161-180), and under his son and suc- cessor Commodus (180-192). Miltiades was an able po- lemic, and waged war successfidly, not only against the iSIoiitanists, but also combated Judaism and heathenism in its various phases. See Eusebius, //w^ F.ccles. v, 17.
Miltiades, also called ^fek^hiades or Melciades, a bishop of Kome, was born about the middle of the 3d century. He early occupied as a priest a very conspicu- ous place by his arduous efforts to protect the rights and interests of the Koraan Church against the many wrongs enacted by pope Maxentius, and was, besides, prominent in the protection of Christians during the persecutions. He succeeded Eusebius on the pontifical throne in 310, and, in 313, was ordered by the emperor Constantine the Great, who was opposed to the Uonatists, to bring the Donatist difficulties to a close. In council with twenty (Jallican and Italian bishops, he reinstated Cie- cilian as bishop of Carthage. For his zeal and exertion in trying to bring back the Donatists into the union of the Church he was slandered, but Augustine {Fpisl. 162) speaks of him as " vir (>iilinnis. filius Christiana; \^a- cis et pater Christiana; jilehis." The ^Ianicha;ans also, who worked secretly at Home, found iu him a watchful guardian against their doctrines. He was the first pope to live in a royal palace, which was presented to him by the emperor Constantine the Great with other rich en- dowments. ^Miltiades issued two well-known edicts: the one interdicting fasting on Sundays and Tiiursdays. be- cause the heatlicns celebrated these days "(piasi sacrum jejunium;" and he also enacted, ''I't olilationes conse- cratJe per eeclesias ex consecratu episcopi dirigerentur, quod declaratur ferment um." The true meaning of the latter edict lias often been a matter of disinite. ]\Iilti- ades died in 314: it is erroneously reported of him tliat he died a martyr, St. Bernard, who described the life
of this pope, makes no mention of the manner of his death. His remains were interred in the Calixtine Chapel, but by pope Paul I they were removed " in ca- pite" to the Church of St. Sylvester. See Bower, I/ist, of the Popes (see Index in vol. vii) ; D'Artaud, Life and Times of the Ronxtn Pontiffs (X. Y. 1865, 2 vols. roy. 8vo), i, 67 ; Ikrzog, Reul-Kncykiop. Lx, 300; Wetzer u.Welt*, Kircli(-n-Lexikon, xtA. vi, s. v.