1857 ; Princet. Rev. April, 1856 ; A mer. Theol. Ihr. July, 1861; Christian Remembrancer,iu\y,\ii(j\; (Loud.) (^». Rev. Oct. 1862, p. 242 ; .4 mer. Presb.Rev. April, 1 «(;:!, art. i ; Jan. 1865 ; Brit, and For. Rev. x, 1 1 , 55 ; Bulletin The- ologique, Sept. 1863, p. 137 ; Theol. Eclectic, vol. v. No. 3 ; Westm. Rev. Jan. 1818, p. 106 ; Meth. Rev. April, 1853, p. 181 ; 1870, p. 299 ; 1872 (Jan.), p. 154 ; Brit, and For. Ev. Rev. 1863 (Jan.), p. 29-55 ; Blackwood's Magazine, June, 18G7; Bibl. Sacra, April, 1863, art. iii; 1867, p. 189; Jahrb. deutscher Theol. 1869, p. 572; Contemp. Rev. May, 1869, p. 89 sq.; Nov. 1872, art. v; Christian Qu. Oct'. 1873, art. iii ; LMt. Q". Rev. July, 1873, art. vi ; Bapf. Qu. Rev. 1870 ; Jan. 1874, art. i ; Qu. Rev. of Luth. Ch.
exists, the unimportance of a reported series of miracles
is a valid reason for withholding belief in them. The ■ July, 1874, art. v.
Scripture miracles, in this respect, stand alone and apart 1 MIRACLES, ECCLESIASTICAL
The Port Roval-
from all others as regards the evidence of their reality, combined with their signiticance, if real."
Among the most important works on Scripture mira- cles, and not incidentally mentioned in the article on Christian Evidences, are : Fleetwood, Essay upon 3Iir- acles (IKH); Locke, Discourse of Miracles (1701-2);
ists taught that " there would never have been any false miracles if there had been none true." Many Protes- tants, taking hold of this wise adage, set down as in- controvertible the assertion that the so-called "mira- cles" wrought in the Church since the patristic period ai-e not of God, because they are not prophesi'.'il as were
I'earcp, The Miracles of Jesus Vindicated [in reply to those of the Israelitish and apostolic days (see Exod. iii, WoolstonJ (1729); Smallbrook, Vindication ofourSav- 12; jMark xvi, 17, 18), and that, as Dr. Hodge has it, iours Miracles [in reply to Woolston] (1729, 2 vols, "while there is nothing in the N. T. inconsistent with 8vo); IjHuUkt, Vindication of Three of our blessed Sav- the occurrence of miracles in the post-apostolic age of iour's Miracles [in reply to Woolston] (1729) ; Sher- the Church . . . when tlie apostles had liuished their lock. The Trial of the Witnesses il729); Stevenson, Con-\ work, the necessity of miracles, so far as the great ference upon the Miracles of our Saviour (1730, 8vo) ; end they were intended to accomplish was concerned, "Sykes, Credibilifi/ of Miracles, etc. (1749, 8vo); Douglas,! ceased" (Si/st. Theol. iii, 452).
The Criterion (17 bi); ClapareAe, Miracles of the Gospel \ This position of Protestant writers seems to gain [in answer to Rousseau] (Lond. 1758, 8vo); Campbell,} strength from a close examination of the practices of Dissertation on Miracles (1763); Farmer, Dissertation^ the early patristic period, for it is an uncontested state-
(1 on Miracles (1771); Bishop Douglas, Criterion of Mir-, ment that during the first hundred years after the death acles (]774,8vo) ; Do Haen, I)e MiracuHs(Ynmc\'. 1776,1 of the apostles we liear little or nothing of the working 8vo) ; Scherer, .1 usf. Erkldrumj dir ]]'tis.<ii;/ii/i'/iii d. X.\ of miracles by the early Christians. Says bishop Dmig-
T.i\,],/..\s\):lHvo); The I/ulsi'dii Prr., /,V.-ay l,.r IM ( : ' CiilKcr. .l/;/7,rA'.s'(1812); I'cnroM'. Ij-;,!, „r, .<jil„ Srnpt- vn 'Minirl..< ( 1.S26) ; Lc V,ai^,Coi..-^'i,l, nilion.-^ mi Minuh.- (IH-'.S); N'<'Winaii. /,//:' nf A pclhniiiis Ti/iiiidiis, in Eiici/cl. Mrlruj,. I uriMcii l.i'tnni liis dcftclion to Rome]; Tlio- luck, G/,n,h. ns,rih;i;,;/.;;t d. u;i)„j( I. Gisrh. (llamb. 1837) : Mid et.\
l:is. "If we except the testimonies of Papias and Ircnic- us, who speak of raising the dead ... I can timl no in- stances of miracles mentioned by the fathers before the 1th century" (Criterion, p. 228-232) ; and if we come down to the fathers of the 4th century, we tind that they freely speak of the age of miracles as past ; that /Ji.fj>i(/iili(> dii .Miraculorum .lesu Christi Nalura' such interpositions, being no longer necessary, were no xilatf ( 1H3'.)~1«41) ; Nitzsch, in ^'^(f/j>« 2/7«/A'n-j longer to be expected. Wliatever may apjicar to the iik-en of 1843 ; Wardlaw, On Miracles (1852 ; New York,! contrary in the more oratorical and panegyrical writings 1853) ; Rothe, in Studien und Kritiken of 1858; Trench,' of the fathers, whenever they address themselves theo- Miracles of our Lord (6th ed. 1858); Koestlin, De Mi- logically to the question of miracles, tliey admit clearly raculorum, quce Christus et primi ejus discipuli fecerunt, and unreservedly the truth that this kind of evidence natura et ratione (1860); Evans, Christian Miracles has ceased in the Christian Church. The miracles of (Lond. 1861); McCosh, The Supernatural in Relation divine power (according to St. Augustine") are now to to the Natural (1862) ; Mozley, Lectures on Miracles be sought in the works of nature, in the wonders of its (Bampton for 1865 ; Lond. 1865, 8vo) ; Fisher, Supeniat. ever-recurring changes, and in the regular course of the Orif/in of Christianity (1865); Duke of Arpyle, Reign divine providence. After emnnerating the miracles of ©/■Aa//; (I860); Litton, J/t>ac/M (Lond.1867); Uhlhorn,' Christ, he asks, "Cur (^inquis) ista modo non liuntV Modern Rep. of the Life of Jesus (Bost. 186«): Fowler,! Quia non moverent nisi mira esseiit: at si solita essen- Mozby and Tyndtde on Miracks (Lond. 1X68); Arch-j tia mira non esscnt" (De I'tilitate Credendi), which he bishop of York, Limits of Philos. Inquiry (Ediub. 1868);' only so far qualities in his retractions as not absolutely Mountford, Miracles, Past and Present (Boston, 1870. j to deny the possibility of a modern miracle. In another 12mo); Bender, H'«H</(-rt^_f/;7//'r/. A^. r. (Frankfort a. M. I place he speaks of " miracles not being permitted to 1873); Uphani, Star of our Lord (N. Y. 1873, 8vo): last to our times," or to survive the i)roi)agation of Belclier, Our Lord's Miracles of Healing Considmd Christianity over the world (De vera Religume, c. 25, § (Loudon, 1873) ; Fowle, Religion and Science (1873, ! 47). St. Chrysostom bears the same testimony to the