" Thf (;i(i.sii(iw Mia.tuinaiii >>'i iftii was organized in Feb- niarv. 17'.h;. " Il sent missionaries' to Western and South- ern Africa, but w iihout very marked success. In IS44 the Society were transferred to the
:-h of:
land.
America, formerly included iu the Hudson's Bay territo-
'■ Th,' Cliinch „fS,;,tl,i..\: / . M.s^nm .vvyici/ic— The
formation of -cvcial mi-- ■ ,.- of a general nat- ure towiiids ilu' c|. .se of 1 1,. ::y appears to have excited the zeal, if not iln,;. li ii ^. . : ilic Chuicli <>l Scot- land, and overtnies were pie.-cnUil to the (ieiierid Assem- bly from diflVrent synods, praying.' thai attPiilion might be jiaid to the claims of the heathen woild. For some time these weie disregarded; but iu lS-.'4 the subject was broUL'bt f.)i\vard again, and a committee ^vas appointed to i)repaie a |.rogramme for the organization of what was justly designated as 'a pious and benevolent object.' At
MISSIONS
361
MISSIONS
the next Assembly, iu 1S25, the committee reported iu fo- viir of British India as a field of labor, and advised the establishment of a great central seminary, with auxiliary district schools for the instruction of Hindu children and youu" persons of both sexes. In 1829 the Kev. Alexander Dufl'°ailed for Calcutta as the head of the educational institution. The ship was wrecked ..fl" thr Cape of Good Hone tint willinut loss of life. Aliri- M.me delay and many' ilaimers, Mr. andMrs. Uufl' aiiiwd at ( alrutta on Mav"'."T, ls;;e, liaving lost a valual.)le libiary, and 'beiiis nioie dead than alive.' The seminary was opened iu the month of August, and met with remarkable success. Witliin a few davs of the opening 200 pupils were in at- tendanre. Both the elementary and collegiate sections of the in-litiitiMU jno^pered. The En-li^li lanjiiai'e was Cllii>ei! a- the U'a.vliuui of instruction in I hi' !iiL;la'~l ( ia-M'-. but a~ s'xiU a> i;ualilied teacliers and Miiialilc -i ImmI li. ii.l,^ could be oljtaiued, due attention was luiid to ilic m m a n- lar. In 1SH5 three missionaries— tlie Kev. .Janic- Milrlall. John Wilson, and Kobeil ^'isbet— were traiislci avil by their own desire from the Scottish ^Missionaiy s.icieiy lo the General Assembly's Mission ; and in lb4B still further changes were made by the disruption of the General As- sembly, which issued iu the formation of the Free Church of Scotland, to which all the missionaries iu India ad- hered, with the buildings, furniture, and proiierty of the respective stations. After laboring in conneeticui with the Indian Mission for nearly tliirtv-tivc years, Ur. Duff finally returned to his native land in 1SG3, having mean- while made but a brief visit to Euglaud and the United States iu 1854 and 1855.
" The Free Church of Scotland's Foreign Mission.— Thw Church, after its organization iulS43, made arrangements for carrying on the missionary work both at home and abroad. The educational establishment at Calcutta, un- der the able superinleiulenee of Dr. Duff, and the mission stations at Bombay, I'nna, Xaupore. Madras, and other places iu India, as well as ih. s.- in Snutliei-n Africa, the colonies of Canada, Nova Smtia. New Brunswick, the West Indies, Madeira, tlie Mediterranean, Australia, and Natal, were prosecuted with vigor and success under the new administration.
" The Ft ee Cliurch of Scotlaud also assumed the re- sponsibility of siipptn-tiug and carrying ou a mission to the Jews which had been organized a short time before the disruption. The history of this branch of the work, so far as Hungary and Austria are concerned, is of more than onliiinrvlnterc^t. Pesth was the scene of a remark- able awakeii'in- amoii- tlie scattefed sred of Abfahani. Huii.lreils ,.r,I,'us. raaiiy of ilaaii per~ui,s of disi innion,
of Christiaiiily. The' icvilniinii in Hungary caused tlie susjiension of the rais-ion lor a lime, and the despotism of Austria well-nigli exiin-ui-lKal it. Of late years there have been consideitUile eliaiii;-es in the scene of its opera- tions, and Frankfort, Amsterdam, Bieslau, Pesth, Galatz, and other places are mentioned in the society's report as places where its agents ate now laboring for the couver- sion of the Jews to the faith of the Gospel.
''Uniteii rr.:slrit,ri,ii, SnmxVs Furciga J\Iis.mm.—Jn the year 18:15 tlie iiiiicd Sci i^ssiou Ctuirch planted a mission iu the West liiilies iiy lite agency of the Kevs. William Paterson and James Niven. In the course of a few years several stations wete oiiened in Jamaica, Trinidad, and the Grand Caymanas. Tlie progtese of the mission to these parts is indicated by the followiug scenes of labor, aud the dates when the work was commenced at each place respectively: Jamaica— Stirling, 1835; NewBrough- ton,1835; Friendship, 1837; Goshen, 1837 ; Mount Olivet, 1S3'.» ; Montego Bay, 1S4S ; Kingston, 1848. Trinidad— Port of Spain, 1839 ; Arattca, 184-.;. The Great Caymanas— Georgetown, 1846. In 1840 a mission was commenced at Old Calabar, iu Western Africa, intended to be worked chiefly by converted ncLtroes I'rom Jamaica. The synod also sent several missi(, unties to Caiitida, who have since succeeded in foriniiej: selt-susiaiiiiii'_' con-regations, and even in organi/.inu lavjv and iiiihienttal presbyteries. The first work of the United I'lcslivPaiai: CliniTh, formed in May,lS47,was to accept of tlie tran-fenaire ot'tlie stations aud agents of the Scottish :Mi--ionai v Soriciv in Jamaica, and ojf the Glasgow African Missionary Society in KaftVa- ria, which it has since conducted willi vigor and success. It has also a Jewish mission to Algiers, Aleppo, aud other places.