Freedmen.
American Missionary Association
IMcth. Kpis. FreedmtMi's Aid Society
Prosl). Committee of Miss. f.>r Freedmen.
Presb. (I'niled) Board for Freedmen
Protestant Episcopal Board for Freedmen
IV. Colonial.
/The Reformed Church Mission at the
1 Cajic of Good Hope
/Society of Internal and External Missions,! ( Batiivia
Presbyterian Missionary Society
Melaiiesian Miss. Society, at Aukland
Hawaiian Miss. Society, at Honolulu.
West Indian Missionary Board
Palestine Christian Union. I Mission to Arabs.
2G,4S0 28,718
70
3,700
351
7,397 14,410
32 10,059
2,113 1,500
f20,460 17,535 6,3(j0 15,985
39,445 35,165 40,475 30,305
537,995 11,755
210,100
428,693
33,337
135,430
69,323
1,274
47,181 56,251 9,489 110,732 51,023 77,390 35,243 48,500 7,500 10,952
24r).!593 83,530
207,091 05,243
20,555 23,728
345,400 96,105
809,2.39 28,793 20,234 81,317 41,073
108.252 37,8(i5 3.>sl2 45,784
329,9.38 82,719 69,195 12,271 21,308
/Barmah, Farther India ( Siani, China. |E. Indies, S. Africa, Tnr- ■< key, China, Polynesia, ( North America.
WestAfrica,India,China.
Japan, N. and S. Amer.
Mexico,Italy,Bulgaria
Scandinavia. North America, China. [West Africa, India, Siam,
China, Japan, N.Amer- [ ica, Mexico, Brazil.
India, Turkey, Polynesia.
Syria.
fN. America, West Africa, t China, Japan.
West Africa, China.
New Hebrides.
India.
India, West Africa. (North America, West In- dies, Egypt, Siam, Pol- ( ynesia.
South Africa.
Holland, India.
Melbourne, Australia.
Melanesia.
(Micronesia, Marquesas ( Islands.
West Africa.
MISSIONS
371
MISSIONS
1. The Continent of Europe presents at this time the interesting spectacle of active missionary labor prose- cuted not only by British but also by American Protes- tants in most of those old countries where a ceremoni- ous or a nominal Christianity has long held swa\-. In Northern Europe, especially in Germany, Denmark, Swe- den, and Norway, the missionaries are in many cases natives of those countries, who as emigrants to the United States of America became experimental Chris- tians, and who have returned to preach the doctrines of vital godliness to their fatherlands. Protestant mis- sions are also established in France, Switzerland, Aus- tria, Portugal, Spain, and Italy. In all these countries the Scriptures and Christian tracts are circulated more freely and more numerously than ever before.
With some correspondence to the activity of Protes- tants in the IJoman Catholic countries of Europe, the Church of Rome has become very zealous for the recon- version of England to medioeval Christianity. The Jes- uits expelled from Germany and the monks disfran- chised in Italv are sent there in great numbers. These measures have a tendency to stimulate greater activity among British Christians in home missions, and thus, so long as peaceful measures are employed on both sides, it is to be hoped that mutually good results will follow. Thought will be stimulated, liberality increased, watch- fulness will be awakened, and Christ will be preached, even though of contention. As the movements now referred to are for the greater part quite recent, the latest information respecting them must be sought in the current reports and correspondence of the societies engaged in them, inclusive of the Bible and Tract socie- ties. In this field comparatively little has been required in the matter of Bible translations, but much attention has been given to the revision of versions to make them as perfect as possible for popular circulation. See Rule, Mission to Gibraltar and Spain ; Arthur, Itali/ in Tran- sition; Scott, TclstrOm <iiid [.iijihind : I!<pi>rl.< nf Mission- ary Societies ; Toaso, 11 '•>■/' '///// Mission ill I-'niiirr: 'Slvs. Peddie, Dawn of the Smnvi l!f>rm,iti„n in Sjiain ; Ellis, Denmark and her Missions ; J/enderson's Life ami Labors. See also the articles Baptists; Methodists; Presby- terians; Protestant Episcopalians ; Wesleyans. 2. Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, and Western Asia. — The modern populations of the northern shores of the Mediterranean are greatly mingled. The Moslem races predominate, but nominal Christians are found in every country and under all the governments. They consti- tute more than a third part of the inhabitants of Con- stantinople, and are found in every province of the Turk- ish empire, while in Persia they are supposed to num- ber twelve millions. Hence a wise plan for the conver- sion of the Mohammedans of thusi" lands involved the primary necessity of evangelical missions to the nomi- nal Christians of the East. T(j this task, as a republica- tion of the Gospel in Bible lands, the American Board of Foreign Missions has addressed itself energetically and perseveringly. It has in so doing established mis- sions in Greece, in Palestine, in Syria, among the Jews, Mohammedans, and Bulgarians of Turkey, the Armeni- ans, the Nestorians, and the Druses. A very interest- ing history of these missions and their adjuncts has re- cently been published by Dr. Anderson, from which it appears that, notwithstanding many difficulties, great and encouraging results have been attained, not only in the direct experience of the Christian life, but in the awakening of a general spirit of inquiry, the improve- ment of education, increased toleration, and the diffu- sion of the Word of God throughout the various regions that have been occupied and permeated by the influ- ence of the missions. The printing of the board has been on a very extensive scale, including the issue of the Scriptures and other publications in the following languages, viz. Italian, modern Greek, Grieco- Turkish, ancient Armenian, modern Armenian, Armeno-Turklsh, Osmanli-Turkish, Bulgarian, Hebrew, Hebrew-Spanish, modern Syriac, and Arabic. The printing of the whole
Bible in Arabic, at the expense of the American Bible Society, was completed in 1865. The great work of its translation and conduct through the press was accom- plished by the zeal and energy of sixteen years' labor on the part of two learned missionaries of the American Board, Drs. Smith and Van Dyck. This one publica- tion offers the Word of God to the Arabic reading world, comprising a population (though largely uneducated) of 120,000,000 of people. See Anderson, Oriental Mis- sions; Smith and D wight, Missionai^y liesearches in A r- menia ; Hartley, Researches in Greece and the Lerant ; Perkins, Kir/hteen Years in Persia; Grant, Nestorians ; Wortaliet, .S//r«i and the Syrians; D\v'vj;ht, Christianity in Tiirivy; Churchill, i?m(fe«ce in Mount I^ebanon; Ewald, Mission in Jerusalem ; Thomson, The Land and the Book; Wilson, Greek Mission; Yeates, Gospel in Syria ; Wilson, Lands of the Bible.