graces of him of Urbino," Pellegrino met with a tragic death at the hands of some Modenese, who turned tlieir fury against him because liLs son had slain an antago- nist in a quarrel, in 1523. See Lanzi, Hist, of Painting, transl. by Roscoe (Lond. 1.S47, 3 vols. 8vo), i, 397: ii, 350; Spooner, h'iog. Hist, of the Fine Arts (N. Y. 1865, 2 vols. 8vo), ii, 570.
Moderate. To moderate a call, in the Church of Scotland, is, under the presidency of one of the clergy, to pul)li(ly announce and give in an invitation to a min- ister or licentiate to take the charge of a parish ; which announcement or invitation, thus given in the hearing of the assembled parishioners, is regarded as the first le- gal step towards a settlement. — Buck, Theol. Diet. s. v.
Moderates is a name applied to those theologians of the Church of Scotland who favor patronage (pro- hibited by the I'arliament of 1692, and in the Books of Discipline) and a moderate orthodoxy, i. e. a mitigatioa of the strictness of the old confessions. The first ]Mod- erates flourished in the middle of the last century, un- der the Kobertsonian administration (1752-82). As early as 1720, however, the Moderate party had its in- fluence in the Church, as is apparent from the five prop- ositions which were condemned in a council held at that time to suppress Antinomianism [ see Makkow Contijo- VERSv]; and the secession of 1734 was no doubt pro- voked by the ascendency of the Neonomians, afterwards leaders in the party of the Moderates. In many re- spects the Moderates are the " Latitudinarians" of the Church of Scotland. :Many of them adopted the ethi- cal principles of Francis Hutcheson (q. v.). The leading pulpit orator among the Moderates — Dr. Hugh Blair — deficient in evangelical thought and feeling, actually defended Hume against the Assembly; and well he might, for had not his party declared (in 1720) that holi- ness is not necessary to salvation ? There were, however, manj' Jlodcrates of an evangelical spirit, and these pre- pared the way for the Free -church movement. See
SC0TLANI>, ChL-KCII Ol'. (J. II. W.)
Moderation imports a proper go%-emmcnt of pas- sion and [ileasure, preventing extremes of any kind. The presence of moderation is manifest in the exhibi- tion of a calm and temperate frame of mind. '• Moder- ation," says Blair, "ought to take place in our wishes, pursuits, expectations, pleasures, and passions."
(1.) We should be moderate in our icishes. The ac- tive mind of man is seldom or never satisfied with its present condition, how prosperous soever. Originally formed for a wider range of objects, for a higher sphere of enjoyments, it finds itself, in ever}' situation of for- tune, straitened and confined. Sensible ofdeliciency in its state, it is ever sending forth the fond desire, the as- piring wish after something beyond what is enjoyed at present. Assuredly there is nothing unlawful in our wishing to be freed from whatever is disagreeable, and to obtain a fuller enjoyment of the comforts of life. But when these wishes are not tempered by reason they are in danger of precipitating us into extravagance and foUy. If we suffer our fancy to create to itself worlds of ideal happiness; if we feed our imagination with plans of opulence and splendor far beyond our rank ; if we fix to our wishes certain stages of high advance- ment, or certain degrees of uncommon reputation or dis- tinction, as the sole stations of felicity, the assured con- sequence will be that we shall become unhapi\v in our present state, unfit for acting the part and discharging the duties that belong to it; we shall discompose the peace and order of our minds, and foment many hurtful passions. Here, then, let moderation begin its reign, by bringing within reasonable bounds the wishes that wc form. As soon as they become extravagant, let us check them by proper reflections on the fallacious nature of those objects which the world hangs out to allure desire.
(2.) \\'c should be moderate in out pursuits. AYhen the active pursuits in which we engage rise beyond moderation, they fill the world with great disorders,
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often with flagrant crimes. Yet all ambition is not to be condemned, nor ought high purposes on every occa- sion to be checked. Some men are formed by nature for rising into conspicuous stations of life. In following the impulse of their minds, and properly exerting the talents ^vith which God has blessed them, there is room fur ambition to act in a laudable sphere, and to become the instrument of much public good, liut this may safely be pronounced, that the bulk of men are ready to overrate their own abilities, and to imagine themselves equal to higher things than they were ever designed for by nature. We should therefore be sober in fixing our aims and planning our destined pursuits. We should beware of being led aside from the plain path of sound and moderate conduct by those false lights which self-flattery is always ready to hang out. By aiming at a mark too high we may fall short of what it %vas in our power to have reached. Instead of attain- ing to eminence, we may not only expose ourselves to derision, but bring upon our heads manifold disasters.