Moody, Samuel, an American divine of some note, was born at Newbury, Mass., Jan. 4, 1676 ; was ed- ucated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1697; then entered upon the special study of theology, and Dec. 29, 1700, was ordained to the sacred ministry in the Congregational Church at York, Me., where he died, Nov. 13, 1747. Like his namesake, Joseph, who flour- ished very near his time, he was eccentric, though also a very useful man. He also refused a stated salary, and depended altogether upon voluntary contributions, many of which were spent upon the poor and the needy. He published. The Doleful State of the Damned (1710):— Judas Hung up in Chains (1714): — Election Sermon (1721) : — Life and Death of Joseph Quasson, an Indian (1729). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A tithors, s. V. ; Drake, Diet, of A mer. Biog. s. v. ; Sprague, .4 nnals of the Amer. Pulpit, vol. ii.
Moody, Samuel S., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born in Powhattan Coun- ty, Va., May 1, 1810 ; was converted in 1828, joined tlie ministry in the Tennessee Conference, and held the fol- lowing appointments: 1831, Lebanon Circuit; 1832, Sandy Circuit; 1833, Nashville Station; 1834, Mem- phis Station ; 1835, Florence Station ; 1836, Montgom- ery Circuit; 1837, Lebanon District ; 1839, Murfreesbor- ough District ; was transferred to the Memphis Confer- ence in 1841, and appointed to Jackson District; in 1842 to Memphis Station ; in 1843 to Jackson Station ; was transferred back to the Tennessee Conference in 1844, and appointed to Murfreesborough Station ; in 1845, 1846, and 1847, to Huntsville District, and in 1848 to Nash- ville District. In the fall of 1850 failing health obliged him to take a supernumerary relation, and, after years of wasting aflliction, he died May 5, 1863. " The older members of this Conference will long cherish the mem- ory of his many virtues, and class him among the brightest and best and most beloved of its members. Perhaps no man of our Conference was more universally beloved ; indeed, the virtues of this holy man will live in the memories of thousands as long as life shall last. He never had an enemy. Our Church has seldom pro- duced so pure a specimen of our holy religion." — 3Iin. Ann. Coif. M. E. Church, South, ii (1858-65), 546.
Moon {nn'^,yare'ach, so called from its paleness; Chald. nn^ yerach', Ezra vi, 15 ; Dan. iv, 26 ; poetical n23b, lebanah', the white, Cant, vi, 10; Isa, xxiv, 23;
MOON
558
MOON
XXX, 26 ; Gr. (TfX»;vjj), the lesser of the two great celes- | tial luminaries. See Astronomy. [
1. It is -worthy of observation that neither of the ' terms by which the Hebrews designated the moon con- tains any reference to its office or essential character; they simply describe it by the accidental quality of color. Another explanation of the second term is proposed in Rawlinson's llaodotus, i, G15, to the effect that it has I reference to li-bciuVi, " a brick," and embodies the Baby- lonian notion <if iV/h, the moon, as being the god of ar- I chitecture. The strictly parallel use of t/areuck in Joel ii, 31 and Kzek. xxxii, 7, as well as the analogy in the I sense of the two words, seems a strong argument against the view. The Greek atXtivt], from aiXaQ, expresses this idea of brilliancy more vividly than the Hebrew terms. The Indo-European languages recognised the moon as the measurer of time, and have expressed its office in this respect, all the terms applied to it — fiijv, moon, etc. — finding a common element with fiirpilv, to measure, in the Sanscrit root ma (Pott's Jitym. Forsch. i, 194). The nations with whom the Hebrews were brought into more immediate contact Avorshipped the moon under various designations expressive of its influ- ence in the kingdom of nature. The exception which the Hebrew language thus presents would appear to be based on the repugnance to nature-worship which runs through their whole system, and which induced the precautionary measure of giving it in reality no name at all, substituting the circuitous expressions "lesser light" ((icii. i, 10), the "pale," or the "white." The same tendency to avoid the notion of personality may perhaps be observed in the indifference to gender, yarc- ach being masculine, and hbunuh feminine. See below.
2. The moon held an important place in the kingdom of nature as known to the Hebrews. In the history of the creation (<ien. i, 14-lG) it appears simultaneously with the sun, and is described in terms which imply its independence of that body as far as its light is con- cerned. Conjointly with the sun, it was appointed "for signs and for seasons, and for days and years;" though in this respect it exercised a more important influence, if by the "seasons" we miderstand the great religious festivals of the Jews, as is particularly stated in I'sa. civ, 19 (" He appointed the moon for seasons"), and more at length in Ecclus. xliii, C, 7. Hence, as a meas- ure of time among the Israelites, a lunation was the pe- riod of their month ; and many of their festivals were on the new moon, or on one of its quarterly phases (Ecclus. xliii, 6 sq. ; comp. Sohar in Gen. fol. 236). See Month. This was especially the case with the Passover, their chief festival (see Biihr, Symbol, ii, 639). See Passovku. IJpsides this, the moon had its special office in the dis- tril)utii)n of light; it was appointed "to rule over the niglit," as the sun over the day, and thus the appear- ance of the two founts of light served " to divide be- tween the day and between the night." In order to enter fully into this idea, we must remember both the greater brilliancy of the moonlight in Eastern countries, and the larger amount of work, particularly travelling, that is carried on by its aid. The appeals to sun and moon conjointly are hence more frequent in the litera- ture of the Hebrews than tliey might otherwise have been (Josh, x, 12; Psa. Ixxii, 5, 7, 17; Eccles. xii, 2; xxiv, 23, etc.) ; in some instances, indeed, the moon re- ceives a larger amount of attention than the sun (e. g. Psa. viii, 3 ; Ixxxix, 37). The inferiority of its light is occasionally noticed, as in (Jen. i, 16; in Cant, vi, 10, where the epithets " fair" and " clear" (or, rather, sjmt- less, and hence extremely brilliant) are applied respec- tively to moon and sun ; and in Isa. xxx, 26, where the equalizing of its light to that of the sun conveys an im- age of the highest glory. Its influence on vegetable or animal life receives but little notice; the expression in Dent, xxxiii, 14, which the A. V. refers to the moon, signifies rather immths as the period of ripening fruits. The coldness of the night-dews is prejudicial to the health, and particularly to the eyes of those who are ex-