VII. Schools and Missions.— The Jloraviaiis have 48 flourishing boarding-schools : 28 in the German Prov- ince, 15 in the British, and o in the American. They are intended for young people not connected with the Church, and educate annually about "ioOO pupils of both sexes. The schools in the American Province are the following : Moravian Seminary for Young Ladies, at Bethlehem, Pa., founded in 1785 (200 pu[)ils) ; Nazareth Hall, for boys, at Nazareth, Pa., founded in 1785 (125 pu- pils) ; Linden Hall, at Litiz, Pa., founded in 1794 (75 pu- pils) ; Salem Female Academy, at Salem, N. C, founded in 1802 (200 pupils) ; Hope Academy, for girls, founded in 1866 (75 pupils). This province, moreover, has a flourishing theological seminary, with a classical de- partment, at Bethlehem. It was founded iu 1807; re- organized in 1858. The British theological seminary is located at Fulneck, Yorkshire, England; and the (icr- man seminary at Gaudenfeld, in Silesia. The (iorinan Province has a prosperous college at Nisky, in Prussia. The work of foreign missions was begun in 1732, only ten years after the first house had been built at Herrn- hut, and when that settlement counted but (iOO inliab- itiiiits. Leonhard Dober and David Nitschmann were the pioneers, and established the (irst mission among the negro slaves of St. Thomas. Since that time the home Church has sent out 2347 missionaries, male and female. The following missions prove<l unsuccessful: Lapland (1734-35); among the Samovcdes. on the Arc- tic Ocean (1737-38); Ceylon (1738-41); Algiers (1740); Guinea, West Africa (1737^1, and 1767-70); Persia (1747-50); Egypt (1752-83); East Indies (17.J9-96") ; among the Calmucks (1768-1823); Demcrara. South America (1835-40). At the jiresent time the work cm- braces the following fields, called "Mission Provinces:" Greenland (begun 1733); Labrador (1771); Indian Country of North America (1734); St. Thomas and St. John (1732); St. Croix (1732); Jamaica (17.54); An- tigua (1756); St. Kitt's(1775); Barbadoes (1765); Ta- bago (1790, renewed in 1827); aiosquito Coast (1848); Surinam (1735) ; South African Western Province ( 1 736, renewed in 1792); South African Eastern Province (1728) ; Australia (1849) ; Thibet ( lH.-)3 ). This exten- sive work is supported by the contribul ions of the mem- bers of the Church, by the interest of funded legacies, by the donations of missionary associations, and bv such revenue as the missions themselves can raise through voluntary gifts and the profits accruing from mercantile concerns and trades. The anntial cost of the foreign missions is about $250,000. On retiring from the field
MORAVIAN BRETHREN
589
MORCELLI
in consequence of sickness or old age, missionaries are pensioned. Their widows also receive a pension, and their children are educated at the expense of the Church. In other respects they are satisfied with a bare support. The converts are divided into four classes : New People, or applicants for religious instruction; Candidates for Baptism ; Bajriized A dults ; Communicants. The prin- cipal missionary associations are the following : The So- ciety of the United Brethren for Propagatiivj the Gospel amon'i the Heathen, founded in 1787, at Bethlehem, Pa.; The Wachovia Society of the United Brethrenfor Prop- agating the Gospel among the Heathen, founded in 1823, at Salem, N. C. ; The Brethren's Society for the Further- ance of the Gospel among the Heathen, founded in 1711, in England, supporting the mission in Labrador, and ownuig "The Harmony," a missionary ship annually sent out to supjjly the missionaries with the necessaries of life; The London Association in Aid of the Missions of the United Brethren, founded in 1817, and composed chietiy of members not connected with the Moravian Church ; The Missionary Society of Zeist, in Holland, founded in 1793 ; and The Missionary Union of North Skswick; founded in 1843.
In addition to these foreign missions, the last General Council inaugurated a work in Bohemia (1870), in the midst of the ancient seats of the Brethren, which prom- ises to be successful. It already numbers four churches.
Independently of the other provinces, the German Province carries on its Diaspora. This is a mission which receives its name from the Greek EiaaTTopd in 1 Pet. i, 1, and which has for its object the evangelization of the European state churches, without depriving tliem of their members. Hence missionaries itinerate through Protestant Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, NorwaA^, Sweden, Poland, Livonia, Esthonia, and some other parts of Eussia, and organize " societies" for the purpose of prayer, of expounding the Scriptures, and of edifica- tion in general. The members of such societies do not leave the communion of the state churches. In the event of their disestablishment, however, which seems to be approaching, it is more than probable that the members of such " societies" will fully join the Mora- vian Church, whose membership will thus be increased b_v thousands. Indeed such a change is now taking place in Switzerland, where, since the adoption of the new ecclesiastical laws (1873), three independent Mora- vian churches have grown out of the Diaspora.
VIII. Statistics. — German Province : churches, 24, of which 15 are in Moravian towns ministers, 113 ; mem- bers, 7G21. British Province : churches, 40; ministers, 55 ; members, 5548 ; number in Sunda3f-schools, 4000. American Province: churches, 70 ; ministers, 80; mem- bers, 14,737 ; number in Sunday-schools, C380. Foreign 3Iissions: mission provinces, 16; stations, 92; out-sta- tions, 8; preaching-places, 307; ordained missionaries from Europe and America, 161 ; female assistants from Europe and America, 172; total of laborers from Europe and America, 333; native ordained missionaries, 6; na- tive assistants, 1111; normal schools, 7; day-schools, 210; scholars, 16,447 ; teachers (natives), 276; monitors, 611; Sunday-schools, 92 ; scholars, 12,787 ; teachers, 1035 ; to- tal number of con verts, 69,322. Bohemian Mission : sta- tions, 4 ; missionaries, 4 ; members, 150. Diaspora : cen- tral stations, 61 ; ordained missionaries, 33 ; unordained missionary assistants, 32 ; members, about 100,000. To- tals in home jwovinces of the Unitas Fratrum: ministers, 248; members, 27,906. Totals in missions: laborers, 1454 ; members, 69,473. Totals in Diaspora : laborers, 65 ; members of societies, 100,000. The Unitas Fratrum therefore has in all 1767 laborers engaged in the work of the Gospel, numbers 97,378 members, and has besides 100,000 souls in its Diaspora societies.