Reformation in all Countries (1843, and often) : — Protes- tantism in Great Britain: — The Fathers and Founders of the Lond. Miss. Soc. (1844, 8vo, and often) : — Christi- anity in its Poioer (1847, fcp. 8vo), a work which received the unqualified commendation of the English press and the Church. Said one : " The friends of vital Christian- ity may regard it as an appropriate sequel to the well- known work James's A nxious Inquirer.'^ See Metrojwl- itan Pulpit, 1839, ii, 152-161; Allibone, Diet. Brit, and A mer. A uth. ii, 1 369 ; Steele, Burning and Shining Lights (18G4). ch. vi; Kitto, Journal Sacred Lit. 1852, Oct. (J.H.W.)
Morisouianism, a term which has been much used in Scotland since about the year 1841, and to some extent in the north of England, to designate a system of religious doctrine strongly opposed to the Calvinism of the Scottish Presbyterian churches, and exhibiting in the highest degree many distinctive features of Ar- rainianism. It derives its name from a minister named James Moriscn, suspended from his office by one of the Scottish Presbyterian churches in 1841, and now a professor of theology in the academy of the Evangeli- cal Union (q. v.). The doctrinal views stated by him prior to 1841 were far from having that complete de- velopment which they soon after received from himself and his followers. The point to which prominence was first given was the universal extent of the atonement —that Christ died for the sins of all men equally ; with which was naturally connected the opinion that saving faith consists simply in a man's belief that Christ died for him, inasmuch as he died for the sins of the whole world; this further leading to the opinion that a be- liever must know the reality of his own faith in Christ ; and to the opinion that every man possesses a sufficient ability to believe the Gospel, without any aid of grace but what is vouchsafed to all who hear it, and in the very fact of its being preached or presented to them ; and so verging on the tenets which have long received the designation Pelagian. The opposition to the stand- ards of the Scottish Presbyterian churches is very com- plete regarding the fall of man, the work of the Holy Spirit, election, and kindred subjects; while on the sub- ject of justification the doctrine of imputation stated in the standards is repudiated, and the atonement is represented as a satisfaction of "public justice," not se- curing the salvation of any man, but rendering the sal- vation of all men possible. — Chambers, s. v.
The following summary of the Morisonian views is taken from the tract of the Rev. F. Ferguson on the de- nomination (London and Glasgow, 1852), p. 10 : " That God the Father regarded mankind-sinners with an eye of compassion, and wished 'all men to be saved;' that God the Son became 'a propitiation for the sins of the whole world ;' that God the Spirit has been ' poured out upon all fiesh,' and ' strives' with all the irregenerate, and ' dwells' in all believers ; that all those who, ' led by the Spirit," ' yield themselves unto God,' are his chos- en people, ' elect according to foreknowledge ;' and that those who remain finally unsaved, and are thus the non-elect and reprobate, have themselves to blame for their infatuated 'resistance' of the Holy Ghost; that for the conversion of any soul all the glory is to be giv- en to God, who 'quickens' the dead, while over every soul that perishes Jehovah complainingly cries, 'Why will ye die?' that although all men in their natural state are depraved and love sin, yet they possess the power to obey the command to believe the Gospel — a power bestowed by God, and not destroyed bj' the fall ; that every sinner who believes the good news of salva- tion is conscious of the act, and, ' being justified by faith, has peace with God through Jesus Christ our Lord;' that Christ is ' made' to every believer ' wisdom, right- eousness, and sanctification and redemption ;' and that before the finally impenitent and 'the faithful unto death' there lies, respectively, either a miserable or glo- rious immortality." The same paper adds that "a printing and publishing establishment was commenced
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by private parties connected with the movement in 1^46. in Glasgow, and from it there are issued a weekly newspaper entitlal The Christian J\>ir.*. which was com- menmi in 184<j, aud a small monthly magaziue called The Day-Star, which was started the year precetling. and has a large circulation, besides other periodicals, and an immense number of tracts and minor treatises, exhibiting in various forms the distinctive tenets of the denomination."
Moritz, JoHAXN CuRiSTi.of. a Jewish missionary nf the Christian Church among his people, was born at Ik-mstein, in Pomerania, Jan. 1. 178G. He received a c.ireful instruction according to the fashion of that time. The study at home of hbtory, geography, poetry, and philosiiphy. more especially the works of Mendelssohn, greatly strengthened his mind. "When sixteen years of age iloritz went to Berlin, where he was taken care of by his uncle. Here he met with free-thinking Jews, who, although they coidd not draw him into the fatal meshes of infidelity, yet exercised for a time a baneful influence upon his conversation and conduct. When Prussia sufferetl much humiliation in the wars of the first Xapoleon. Moritz determined to go to England un- til the dawning of better days. With a letter of intro- duction to the chief rabbi of England of that time. Dr. Herschell, he reachetl London in July. 18<.V. and was kindly received by that divine, Moritz obtained a scanty living by teaching French and CJerman, until the summer of 1808, when he made the acquaintance of Dr. Steinkopff. whose ministry he regularly attended, and by whom he was publicly baptized on the 31st of December, 1809, according to the forms of the Lutheran Church. He then laid aside his original Jewish name, Closes TreiuL and received the above Christian name, by which he has always since been known. In 1811 he went to Gottenburg, where he married, and where he stayed tmtil 1817, when in a woiitlertul manner the way was opened for him to labor among his brethren in Bussia. At St, Petersburg he met the Kev. Lewis Way, and formed a friendship which lasted for life. He la- bored in Russia under the sanction of the emperor -\1- exander, tmtil by an official mandate he was compelled to abandon the labors of the last eight years. In ilay, 1820. 3Ir. Moritz was accepted by the London .Society for Propagating Christianity among the Jews, which sent him to labor at Hamburg. He next labored at Copenhagen, Neuwied, Frankfort, and Stockholm, re- turning to Hamburg in 1831. He then removed to Dantzic, until, in 1?<43, his residence was finally fixed at Gottenburg, and Norway and Sweden assigned him for his field of lalxjr. On Jan. 1, 1868, he retired from acrive service, after forty-two years' faithful labor for his Master in the society's ranks, and died on Feb. 17, at Gottenburg. rich in peace and joyful in hope. See JetcUh Intelligencer, 1868. (B. P.) "