MORONE
651
MOROZZO
suspected Morone of heresy, and the cardinal, in turn, had thought the inquisitor lij'percritical and inhumane in the exercise of his official functions. Yet, moved by the sentiments of a generous mind, JNIorone, after all, cast his induence in the conclave for Caraffa (believing there- by to disarm his enmity), and thus helped to create him Paul IV. No sooner, however, was Caraffa elevated to tlic pnpal dignity than he at once conspired with Mo- roue's enemies, and the cardinal was accused of leaning to the doctrines of the Reformers, and imprisoned in San Angelo to pass examination on his religious opin- ions. The only proofs of the heretical opinions of Mo- rone are to be found in the articles of accusation drawn up against him. Vergerio, bishop of Capo d'Istria, who had left Itah^, published these articles, with scholia on each article. No one was better acquainted than Ver- gerio with the facts treated of under the several heads. Though this little book came out anonymously, it bears marks of its origin. Printing being then comparatively in its infancy, each printer and the place of his habita- tion were pretty well known by the form of his types. Vergerio lived a good deal at Tubingen after he left Italy, and it is thought that these articles were sent to him, and that he printed them in despite of the Church of Home. (A copy of these articles may be found in the Life of Paleario, ii, 309-312.) Natwithstanding the ready acuteness of the inquisitors, the answers of Blorone prevented their finding any proof against him of heresy, and he was declared innocent. But after the inquisitors had pronounced cardinal Morone free from all heretical taint, and Paul IV had given orders for his liberation, he refused to go out of prison unless the pope publicly declared he had been unjustly accused. This Paul could not be persuaded to do, and Morone remained in jjrison till the death of that pope in 1559. On this occasion, after some discussion among the cardinals, he was liberated, and allowed to sit in the conclave which elected cardinal De' Medici pope, who took the name of Pius IV, and after the elevation of this prelate to the papal chair Morone was reinstated in his former influ- ential position. In 1562 the cardinal was sent as papal legate to the emperor Ferdinand, and in the year fol- lowing Morone became the presiding officer of the Coun- cil of Trent, and continued as such during all the im- portant sessions of this ecclesiastical council. From the very beginning of his work at Trent he played a most important part, and exerted a most salutary influence for the Romish cause. He was conciliatory in speech and action, and intimated to the council that he came by orders of the pope "to establish the articles of faith, correct abuses, and promote the peace of nations, in so far as was consistent with the dignity and authority of the Holy See."' This position seems not to have been warranted, however, by the views entertained at Rome; for it is \M\i quite clearly revealed that the pope was determined to refuse the reforms desired by the common clergy and the people of Germany, and that Pius IV was at the time enjoying the promise of Spain's sup- port in case Ferdinand ignored the papacy, and went over to the Protestants. Yet ]\Iorone must certainly have had the appearance of truth in his own dealings with the emperor, as that sovereign, in a meeting with Morone at Innsbruck in 1563, granted nearly all the fa- vors he asked for, and even gavejiis sanction to an early discontinuance of the council, which was brought about this very year, Dec. 4. See Trent, Council of. IMorone's services could not be too highly estimated at Rome. He had brought the council which threatened so much mischief to the papal cause to a close without any diminution of the pontifical authority, and had even left the Inquisition in a more enviable position than it had occupied previously. "All," says Ranke, "ended at last in a prosperous issue. That council which had been so vehementl)- called for and so long avoided ; after being twice dissolved, shaken by so many of this world's storms, and when convened for the third time, anew be- set with perils, was now closed amid the general concord
of the Roman Catholic world." On his return to the Eternal City the cardinal was therefore made dean of the cardinal college, and intrusted with diplomatic mis- sions whenever the services of an acute and trustworthy messenger were needed. Upon the death of Pius IV, in 1566, Jlorone came very near being elected Pope. Unfortimately for Italy, sterner counsels prevailed, and the inquisitor, cardinal Alessandrino, was raised to the papal chair. We have no means of ascertaining what were Morone's feelings when he saw the power of the Inquisition, from which he had suffered so much, again seated on the papal throne. Morone died Dec. 1, 1580, at Rome, and was buried in the church of the Minerva, His peculiar life prevented much literary activity, and there remain from his pen only some letters to cardi- nals Pole and Cortese, and some of his orations. See Schelhorn, Ammnitates Literarite, xii, 537 sq. ; Tirabos- chi, Lett. ital. vii, 260 ; Young, Life and Times of Pale- ario (Lond, 1860, 2 vols. 8vo), ii, 307-314 ; Fisher, Hist. Ref. p. 393, 406 ; Wessenberg, Die Grossen Kirchenver- sammlungen des 15 u. 16 Jahrh. iii, 147 sq. ; Noi'th Brit. Rev. Jan. 1870, art. viii, p. 284 sq. ; Ranke, Hist, of the Pajmcy, i, 109 sq., 227, 247 sq. (J. H. W.)