See Chamberlain, Present State of England (1702), p. 258 ; Transact, of the Liverpool Lit. and Phil. Society, 1868-70; Stougliton, Eccles. Ilkt. of England (Ch. of the Restor.), ii, 208 ; Evans, Diet, of Sects, etc. ; Hunt, Religious Thought of England, i, 241. (J. H. W.)
Muhle (or Jifuliliiis), Heisrich, a German theo- logian, was born at Bremen, March 7, 1666. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native city, but went in 1686 to Hamburg to study ancient languages, and from there to the university at Giessen, where he stud- ied theology. Ho then spent a year at Frankfort-on- the-Oder; in 1688 attended lectures at Kiel, in 1689 at Leipsio, and in 1690 at Wittenberg. He was appointed in 1691 professor of the Greek and Oriental languages, of poetry and ecclesiastical elocution, at the University of Kiel. In 1692 he made a voyage through England and Holland, and thus secured in 1695 the position of professor of theology and inspector of schools of Schles- wig-Holstein. In 1697 he was appointed pastor of the city church at Kiel ; but as that place did not suit him, he accepted a call in 1698 as general superintendent, chief court-preacher, and provost at Gottorf, with the title of chief counsellor of the Consistory, but had to resign this position on account of some difficulties at the court; he returned to Kiel, and was appointed in 1724 senior of the university. He died Dec. 7, 1733. Muhle had a dispute with the Danish superintendent-general Schwarz, who accused him of being a millenarian and a disciple of Cocceius, who had tried to cause a schism in the Schleswig-IIolsti'in Church. IMuhle was even obliged to go into court, where he reprimanded Schwarz severely; but the dispute did not end until Schwarz died. His most important works are: Be Afessia se- dente ad dextrani Dei; Jiisscrtatio philologico-theologica ad vimlicandum locum J'sa. c.r, 1 contra \ptv^epfti:vnat' Judmn-um, sub moderamim- U. Clodii (Gissie, 1687, 4to) : — Disquisitio de origine linguarum stirpeque ac matre GrwccB, Latina, et Germanica: Jlehnra (Kilon, 1692, 8vo) : — Daphnis, sive de obitu C. .1 Iherti, j^ovkoXikov sacrce Divi uMusagetm memoi-iw religioso, quo par est, affectu culluqiie dicatum (ibid. 1695, \\>].):—Ku7-ze An- zeige derfalsclien lieschuliligungen des Dr.Josua Schwarz gegen ihn (Schleswig, 1702, 8vo) -.—ErOrlerung verschie-
MUHLENBERG
dener, jetziger Zeit erregten Materica in drei Ordina- tionsreden kiirzlich dbgehandelt, nebst einem Vorbericht von D. Schwarz'ens neuUchst wider ihn herausgegebenen Tract. Chiliastischer Vorspiele, Principia und Chilias- mus selbst genannt, an das sammtliche Schkswig-IJoktein- ische Ministerium (ibid. 1705, 8vo) : — De sectw studio in ecclesia orthodoxa vitando, invitatio ad lectiones publicas in libros orthodoxa ecclesin symbolicos universe ac sigil- latim rite instituendas (Kilon, 1712, 4to) : — M. Lutheri propositiones pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum, qua ostenditur, quantum illce et reipublicce et eccUsiee no- cuei-int, quamque vere ac vierito cum reformaiioni evan- gelicoe, turn schismati in evidente enato causam ac occasio- nem suppeditarint (Hamburg, 1717, 4to) : — De variispon- tificum iisque iniquissimis adversus Casares, reges ac principes molitionibus et ab Christi vicariis, quales se jactant, longe alienissimis, dissertatio (Kilon, 1729, 4to): — Hymnus A. Clarenbachii in Ilenr. ZUlphaniensis, Mar- tyris apprime celebrctti, locum Meldorffium in Dithmar- siam vocati, ac Colonies AgrippincB d. 28 Sept. 1529, concrenuiti, mfmoriee solenniter renovandce (ibid. 1733, fol.). See Dciring, Gelehr. Theol. Deutschlands, iv, 618- 629.
Miihlberg, Battle of. See Tjiiuty-yeaus' War.
Muhlenberg, Friederich August, a minister of the Lutheran Cliurch, noted in the IJevolutionary history of this country, was the second son of Dr. II. 51. Muhlenberg, and was born at the Trappe, Montgomery Co., Pa., Jan. 26, 1750. He was educated at Halle, in Saxony, and was ordained to the work of the ministry before his return to this country. He was pastor for a time in Lebanon Co., also at New Hanover and Read- ing, Pa. Thence he removed to the city of New York, where he continued to reside, as pastor of the Lutheran Church, until the British entered the city. In conse- quence of his devotion to American principles, it was supposed if he fell into the hands of the enemy he would be the victim of cruel and vindictive treatment; he therefore removed to Pennsylvania, and took charge for a season of the Lutheran congregation in New Han- over. Having been called by the people into jwlitical life, he laid aside the duties of the ministry. In 1779 he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. He was also sent as a delegate to the state convention which assembled to ratify the new Federal Constitution, and was selected by his colleagues to preside over their deliberations. He was repeatedly chosen as a represent- ative to Congress inider the new constitution, and on two different occasions served as Speaker of the House. He was a prominent and useful statesman. Ho was universally estei^niod. and died, greatly lamented, at Lancaster in 1812. (,5I.L. S.)
Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Henry Ernest, D.D., the yoimgest son of Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg, was born at the Trappe, Pa., Nov. 17, 1753. He spent several years at the LTniversity of Halle in the prosecution of his studies for the sacred office. On his return to this country in 1770 he was ordained to the work of the ministry, and im- mediately became assistant to his father, and third min-
: ister of the United Lutheran churches in Philadeliihia.
I He continued to occupy this position until the British obtained possession of the city. As he was threatened