MUSIMOES
174
MUSSULMAN
man and Asaph, was ' to sound with cymbals of brass,' while the others played on the nablium and the harp. This appointment to the office was by election of the chiefs of the Levites (D"^"lb) at David's command, each of the three divisions probably choosing one. The first occasion of Jeduthun's ministering was when David brought up the ark to Jerusalem. He then took his place in the procession, and jjlayed on the cymbals. But when the division of the Levitical services took place, owing to tlie tabernacle being at Gibeon and the ark at Jerusalem, while Asaph and his brethren were appointed to minister before the ark, it fell to Jeduthun and Hcman to be located with Zadok the priest, to give thanks 'before the tabernacle of the Lord in the high- place that was at Gibeon,' still by playing the cymbals in accompaniment to the other musical instruments (comp. Psa. cl, 5). In the account of Josiah's I'assover in 2 Chron. xxxv reference is made to the singing as conducted in accordance with the arrangements made by David, and by persons representing Asaph, lleman, and Jeduthun, the kind's seer (Tj^Sil nTn). See He- man. Perhaps the phrase rather means tlie king's ad- viser in matters connected with the musical service. The triple division of the Levitical musicians seems to have lasted as long as the Temple, and each appears to have been called after its respective leader. At the dedication of Solomon's Temple, ' the Lcvitcs which were the singers, all of them of Asaph, of Heman, of Jeduthun,' performed their proper part. In the reign of Hezekiah, again, we find the sons of Asaph, the sons of Heman, and the sons of Jeduthun, taking their part in purifying the Temple (2 Chron. xxix, 13, 14) ; they are mentioned in Josiah's reign, and so late as in Nehc- miah's time we still find descendants of Jeduthun em- ployed about the singing (Neh. xi, 17) " (Smith). See
JliDUTIIlN.
Musimoes, festivals celebrated in honor of the dead among the native tribes of Central Africa, See Garihitr. Fait/is of the Work!, p. 503.
Musiiis, CouxiiLifs, an eminent Dutch scholar of Konian Catholic proclivities, was born at Delft in 1503. He flourished as pastor of St. Agatha during the contest between the prince of Orange and the Spanish throne for the possession of the Netherlands. He was equall}' esteemed for his learning and for his amiable qualities, when, on accoimt of his religious faith, he was put to the torture, which caused his death in 1575, by De la IMarck. The Komanists have charged the wicked deed to the prince of Orange and his Reformed friends. This, however, is cruel and unjust. The prince himself, who highly esteemed Musins, shed many tears when he heard of the atrocious deed, and while the Estates of Holland were aroused to an indignation scarcely con- trollable, De la iSIarck was obliged to leave the comi- try, notwithstanding his powerful connections. ]Mu- sius wrote several religious poems, which are remarkable for their elegance and purity of style. See Brandt, Gcsch. der Ref. x, 538-.510 ; Hoofd, De Neederlandsche Ilisto- rvn. vii, 2«1 s(|. ; :Motley, Hist, of the Rise of the Dutch Ripiiblir, ii, 474, 475.
Musonius Rufus, Cahjs, a Stoic philosopher of the 1st century of the Christian a;ra, is mentioned Avith praise by Tacitus {Aim. xiv, 59), and also by Pliny the younger, Philostratus, Themistius, and others. He was a native of A^olsinii, in Etruria, and belonged to the equestrian order. He was a friend of Thrasea Pictus, Barea Soranus, Kubellius Plautus, and other Stoics, who were the victims of Nero's suspicion and cruelty. IMu- sonius was banished to the island of (iyaros in A.D. G6, where he is said to have been visited Ity many (Jreeks for the purpose of listening to his lessons. Being re- called by (ialba after Nero's death, he lived at liome under Vespasian, who excepted him from the sentence of exile pronounced by that prince against the Stoic philosophers. Tins scanty information is all that we have concerning the biography of ^Musonius Bufus
(Nieuwland, Dissertatio de Musonio Rufo, Philosopho Stoico). The time of his death is not mentioned, but he was not alive in the reign of Trajan, when I'liny speaks of his son, Artemidorus. Jlusonius wrote vari- ous philosophical works, which are spoken of by Suidas as Xfiyoi ^uKpopoi (piXoao^iaij t^o/in'oi. He reduced philosofthy to the simplest moral teachings. One of his finest sayings is: '"If thou doest good painfully, thy pain is transient, but the good will endure; if thou doest evil with pleasure, the pleasure will be transient, but the evil will endure." Fragments of his works are found in Stobicus, and have been collected and pub- lished, with the above dissertation and copious notes, under the title of C. Musonii Rvfi, Philosophi .Stoia, ReliqiiicF, et Apophther/muta, aim A wwtatioiw, cdidit T. Venhuizen Peerlkamp, Conrector Gymuasii Jlarhminsis (Haarlem, 1822, 8vo). These fragments of Musonius are full of the purest morality and wisdom. See Eabri- cius, Bihl. Grifca, iii, 5CG sq. ; Bitter and Prellcr. Jlislo- ria J'/ii/(,.<nj,/u,r. p. l:W-441 ; Ueberweg, Jlist. Philosoph. i, IS"), I'.iii: i:Niii;.-ili ('i/rlop. s. v.; Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Ji'mi/r. <iiiil J/y?/(o/. s. v. Bufus ; Lardncr, M'o;/.* (see Index in vol. x).
Musorites, a superstitious sect of Jews, who are said to have reverenced rats and mice. The origin of this peculiarity is to be found in an event which is nar- rated in 1 Sam. vi. The I'hilistines had taken away the ark of the covenant and detained it in their countrj' seven months, during which time the Lord in anger sent a plague of mice, which destroyed the fruits of the groimd. L'nder the dread inspired "by this divine judg- ment ujion their land they restored the ark, and by the advice of flieir priests and diviners they prepared as a trespass-offering to the God of Israel five golden cmer- ods and five golden mice. Perverting the solemn inci- dent of O.-T. history, the sect seems to have entertained a superstitious veneration for mice and rats. See Gard- ner, Faiths of the IVorld, p. 499.