Weale, Samuel, a highly-esteemed (Juaker preach- er, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1729, He began preaching at the age of twenty-two years, and travelled in England, Holland, and (Jermany, everywhere preacli- ing tbe tJospel of Christ. In 1753 he returned from this journey, and settled within tlie compass of Eden- berrv and Rathangan. He died about 17G0. See Jan- noy'. //is/, (f/'rirnds, iii, iHi.
Neaiider, Christoph Friedrich, a German theologian and hymnologist, was born at Ekau in 1724, and was educated at HaUe from 1740 to 1743. He en- tered the ministry, and became pastor at Kubillen, a place in the German province of West Russia; in 1755 at Griinzhof, in the same vicinity; in 1775 at Doblcnsch; and in 1785 was honored with the superintendency of the whole province. He died in 1802. Neander wrote many Christian songs, of which a collection was pub- lished at Riga in 1772, and so extensive was the cir- culation that several editions were reached. The third edition was brought out in 1779. He also prejjared a hymn-book for the province. See E. von der Rccke, Lebm dcs Christoph /■'riedrich Neander, herausgegeben von Tiedge (Berlin, 1804, 8vo).
Neander, Daniel Amadeus, a German Protes- tant prelate of distinction, was born at Lengenfeld, in Saxony, Nov. 17, 1775, and was educated at the Univer- sitvof Leipsic. He entered the ministry, and became pas- tor at the little village of Elcmmingen, near Naumburg; in 1817 was made pastor and superintendent at Mcrse- burg; in 1823 court preacher, and a little later counsel- lor to tlic minister of cultus and jiastor of St. Peter's at Berlin; in 1829 first general superintendent ofthe prov- ince of Brandenburg, and director of the Consistory; and finally, in 1830, bishop of the Evangelical Church. In 1853, by Ids own request, he was granted a superim- merary relation, and after 18t)5, when he was relieved of all ecclesiastical duties, he lived quietly in retirement until liis death, Nov. 18, 1809. The bishop enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the I'russian Churcli,to winch he rendered great service in 1X29 by settling tlie contro- versy which then agitated it, because ofthe intended in- troduction ofthe king's agenda for tlie communion ser- vice into the liturgy. "Tliis dithcult controversy was finally settled principally by an arrangement proposed by bisliop Neander, according to which a new revision of the liturgy was to be made by the ecclesiastical authori- ties, with special reference to the most important objec- tions (1829). As this presented to tlie worshippers a choice of several forms, and paid respect to provincial usages, and as the rights of the Church were preserved and were (hdy lionored by the government, it was ac- cepted without diflicuhy. Accordingly, since 1830, the agenda h.is possessed tlic authority of law, and but one
6 XEAXDER
evangelical national Church has been known iu Prussia (Ilase, Ch. I/ist. p. 5G8), Bishop Neander wrote. Din erste merkwUrdiye Geistererscheinuny des 19 Jahrh. (Dresden, 1804); published some of his Sermons (BerL 182G, 2 vols.); and edited with Bretschneider u. Gold- horn the Journal fur Prediyer. (J. H, W.)
Neander, Joachim, a German Reformed minis- ter, noted as the first and the best ofthe hymn-writers ofthe Reformed Church, and also as a participant in the Labadistic movement, was born at Bremen, probably about 1G50. He studied theology in the higii sdiool of Bremen, where he became acquainted with and adopted the principles of Untereyk. In liis early career as a student he was wild and careless, and much given to jesting about religious matters. Tlius one day he and two of his comrades went into St. IVIartin's Church, with the intention of making a jest of the service, but the sermon touched his conscience so deeply that lie de- termined to visit tlie preacher in private, and from that time he began to lead a more circumspect life. His love of the chase, however, still clung to him; and on one occasion he followed his game on foot so far that night came on and he utterly lost his way among rocky and woody hills, where the climbing was diflicult even in daylight. He wandered about for some time, and suddenh' tiiscovered that he was in a most dangerous position, and that one step forward would have thrown 1 him over a precipice. A feeling of horror came over him that almost deprived him of the power of motion ; and in this extremity he prayed earnestly to (iod for help, vowing an entire devotion of himself to his ser- vice in the future. All at once Neander's courage re- turned ; he felt as if a hand were leading him, and, fol- lowing the path thus indicated, lie at length reached his home in safety. From that day he kept his vow, and a complete change took place in his mode of life. From Bremen Neander Ment to continue his studies for the ministry at Heidelberg; and upon the completion of his university course visited witli classmates at Erank- fort-on-the-Main, where he made the acquaintance of the Pietists who flourished there at tliat time under the leadership of the noted Spener, with whom Nean- der formed a warm friendship which lasted through life. In 1G74 Neander was made rector ofthe Latin school at Dusseldorf. and he distinguished himself greatly by his success both as a teacher and a preacher. His zeal and his Labadistic tendencies, however, carried him too far, and in 1676 he was dismissed from the school, as well as forbidden to preach until he should make reparation. As he refused to comply with the demand ofthe school authorities he was obliged to quit the town, and though his pupils loved him so de.arly that he could have held his place by encouraging them to insubordinate meas- ures, he counselled submission and left the place. It was summer time, and, feeling himself utterly friendless, he wandered out to a deep and beautiful glen near Mettmann on the Rhine, and there he lived for some months in a cavern which is still known by the name of " Neander's Cave." It was during the period of this retreat that the greater part of his hymns were written. Finally, on Feb. 17, 1677, he signed a confession of his errors, condemning the schism of the Labadists, and all reunion held without tlie participation ofthe minis- ters and elders. He rose at once in jiopular favor, and shortly after his return to Bremen, in 1G70, was made \ third ])astorof .St. ^Martin's— the very church he had once entered in mockery; but he only preached there one year, and died at Easter in 1680. Neander's hymns. 71 in number, appeared for the first time in 1G79, under the title, A u. 12, Joachim Xeanders Glaub- u. ].i<he.<iihuny, aufyemuntert durch einfdltiye JiundesUedtr u. Dankpsal- men, etc. Some i)f them were first introduced in tlie Darmstadt Hymn-book in 1698, and approved of after- wards in the synods of Julich, Cleve, and Berg in 1731, and of Mark in 1734. Some of them had been set to mu- sic composed by Neander liimself. Neander's style in his hymns is unequ.il ; occasional harshness contrasts with