4. (Sept. Naf3oD v. r. Na/3a) ; in Xeh. ^aftiaa v. r.
brated in the time of the Crusades as the site of Castel- lum Arnuldi, built by the patriarch of Jerusalem to de- fend the road to the holy city (Will. Tyr. xiv, 8). It was afterwards visited by Richard of England in A.D. 1192 (Robinson, Bib. Res. ii, 254; Porter, Hand-book, p. 286).
It is possible that this Nebo was an offshoot of that on the east of Jordan ; in which case we have another town added to those already noticed in the territorj' of Benja- min which retain the names of foreign and heathen settlers.
A town named Nomba is mentioned bj' the Sept. (not in Heb.) among the places in the south of Judah ire- quented by David (1 Sam. xxx, 30), but its situation forbids any attempt to identify this with Nebo.
Nebrissensis is the surname of the Spanish Eras- mus, Antonio de Lebrixa. See Lebrija.
Nebuchadnez'zar (Heb. and Chald. Nebulcad- netstsar', l^sn^-i::?, 2 Kings xxv, 22; 2 Chron. xxxvi, 6 ; xxxvii, 7, 10, 13 ; Jer. xxvii, 6, 8, 20 ; xxviii, 3 ; xxix, 1, 3 ; xxxiv, 1 ; xxxix, 5 ; Dan. i, 1 ; also in the shorter forms, "1^X37=33, 2 Kings xxiv, 1, 10, 11 ; xxv, 1, 8 ; 1 Chron. vi, 15; Jer. xxviii, 11, 14; Dan. i, 18; ii, 1; "1^3'7?"35, the usual form; and 1^27533, Dan. iv, 37; v, 18; Sept. Na/3ov;:^ot?oi'(i(7op), or (in Jer. and Ezek. only, but in them always except the passages noted above) NEBUCHADREZ'ZAR (q. v.) (which Hitzig \^Jerem. p. 191] rightly considers the original form), called by Berosus (ap. Josephum), T^aftovxo^o- vocTopog ; by Abydenus (ap. Eusebium, Pi-cep. Evang.'), 'Safiovopuijopoc; ; and by Strabo, the only writer among the Greeks by whom he is named (xv, 687), KavKoo- KoSpuaopoe, besides Nrt/SoKoXao-opoc,-, which appears in the Canon of Ptolemy. This name, Nabuchodunosor, has passed from the Septuagint into the Latin Vulgate, and into the authorized English version of the books of Judith and Tobit. This monarch was the greatest and most powerful of the Babylonian kings. His name, according to the native orthography, is read as Nabu- kuduri-utstn; and is explained to mean "Nebo (q. v.) is the protector against misfortune," hidi/ii being connect- ed with the Hebrew ^iliS, " trouble" or " attack," and utsu7- being a participle from the root 1^3, "to pro- tect," (According to others, the middle term hidur is connected with the Perso-Greek KeSapig, "a crown ;" Oppert refers it to an Arabic hidiir, " a young man ;" while Sir H. Rawlinson thinks it means " a landmark.") The rarer Hebrew form, used hy Jeremiah and Ezekiel — Nebuchadi-ezzar — is thus very close indeed to the original. The Persian form, Nabukudrachara (Beh.
H -^ ^ ^a jEi "I ~ir Hw m o-g rjiii
JVa - hi - ■uv - ku - du
Nebuchaduezzai-'s name in cuneiform.
- ?/r - rt - w - sit
(From Menant, Grammaire Assyrienne, p.
!21.)
Na/3/a ; Vulg. Nebo.) The children of Nebo (Bene- Xebo), to the number of tifty-two, are mentioned in the catalogue of the men of Judah and Benjamin who re- turned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Ezra ii, 29 ; Neb. vii, 33 ; in the latter passage, " the other Nebo," for some not very obvious distinction). Seven of them had for- eign wives, whom they were compelled to discard (Ezra X, 43). The name occurs between Bethel and Ai and Lydda, which, if we may trust the arrangement of the list, implies that it was situated in the territory of Ben- jamin to the north-west of Jerusalem. It is possibly the modern Beit-Nubah, about twelve miles north-west by west of Jerusalem, eight from Lydda, and close to Yalo ; apparently the place mentioned by Jerome (0«o- mast. Anab and Anob; and Epit. Paiilce, § 8) as Nob the city of the priests (though that identification is hardly admissible), and both in his and later times Bethannaba or Bettenuble, It became cele-
VI.— L L L
knowi
Inscr. col. i, par. 16), is less correct. This (also writ- ten Nabokhodrossor) is supposed to be the assumed name of one of the rebels subdued by Darius Hystaspis. It is there easily read, being transcribed in another col- umn, and hence is readily recognised elsewhere when found in the pure Babylonian writing, as it often is on bricks and fragments from the ruins near Hillah (Lay- ard, iMneveh, ii, 141).
1. Nebuchadnezzar was the son and successor of Na- bopolassar, the founder of the Babylonian empire. (See No. 5 below.) He appears to have been of marriage- able age at the time of his father's rebellion against As- syria, B.C. 625 ; for, according to Abydenus (ap. Euseb. Chron. Can. i, 9), the alliance between this prince and the Median king was cemented by the betrothal of Amuhia, the daughter of the latter, to Nebuchadnezzar, Nabopolassar's son. Little further is known of him dur- ing his father's lifetime. It is .suspected, rather than
NEBUCHADNEZZAR 89S
proved, that he was the leader of a Babylonian contin- f^cnt which accompanied Cyaxares in his Lydian war [see Medks], by whose interposition, on tlie occasion of an eclipse, that war was broiitcht to a close, B.C. GIO. (Herodotus terms this leader Labynetus [i, 74] ; a word which does not rightly render the Babylonian Xubu- kuduri-uzur, but does render another Babylonian name, Nabu-mthif. Nabopolassar vunj have had a son of this name; or the Labynetus of Ilerod. i, 74 may be Nabo- jjolassar himself.) At any rate, a few years later, he was ])laced at the head of a Babylonian army, and sent by his fatlier, who was now old and infirm, to chastise the insolence of Pharaoh-Necho, king of Egypt. This prince had recently invaded Syria, defeated Josiah, king of Judah, at Megiddo, and reduced the whole tract, from ICgypt to Carchemish on the upper Euphrates [see Car- ciiii.Misii J,which in the partition of the Assyrian terri- tories on the destruction of Nineveh had been assigned to Bal)ylon (2 Kings xxiii, '20, 30; ]?eros. ap. Josepluis, c. Ap. i, 10). Neclio had lield ii(i.->(s>i(in of these coun- tries for about three years, wlnii (!!.<'. iIim,! Nebuchad- nezzar led an army against him, (Icfratid him at Car- chemish in a great battle (Jer. xlvi, 2-12), recovered Cocle- Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine, took Jerusalem (Dan. i, I, 2), pressed forward to Egypt, and was en- gaged in that country or upon its borders when intelli- gence arrived which recalled him hastily to Babylon. Nabopolassar, after reigning twenty-one years, had died, and the throne was vacant ; or, as there is some reason to think, Nebuchadnezzar, since he appeared to be the " king of Babylon" to the Jews, had really been associ- ated with his father (Jer. iv, 1 ; Dan. i, 1). In some alarm, however, about the succession, he hurried back to tlie capital, accompanied only by his light troops; and crossing the desert, probably by way of Tadmor or Pal- myra, reached Babylon before any disturbance had arisen, and entered peaceably on his kingdom (B.C. G04). The bulk of the army, with the captives — Phoe- nicians, Syrians, Egyptians, and Jews— returned by the ordinary route, which skirted instead of crossing the desert. It was at this time that Daniel and his com- panions were brought to Babylon, where they presently grew into favor with Nebuchadnezzar, and became per- sons of very considerable influence (Dan. i, 3-20). See D.vxtiii,. The sacred vessels taken from Jehovah's liouse were transferred by Nebuchadnezzar to his tem- ])le at Babylon (Isa. xxxix ; 2 Cliron. xxxvi, 6, 7), See Babvi,on ; CArriviTV.