Of later literature, see Petavius, Theolog. dogmatum, tom. iv (rfe incarnutione^, lib. i, c. 7 sq. ; Gamier, De hcei-esi et lihris Nestorii, in his edition of the Opera Marii Mercator. (Paris, 1673 ; newly edited by Migne, Paris, 1846) ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, eh. xlvii ; Jablonski, De Nestorianismo (Berol. 1724) ; Gengler (K. C), Ueber die Verdammung des Nes- torius (in TUbinger Quartalschrift, 1835, No. 2) ; Schmid, Vera Nestorii de tmione naturai-um in Christo setitentia (Jena, 1794, 4to) ; Salig, De Eutychianismo ante Eutychen (Wolfenb. 1723, 4to) ; Schrockh, Kirchen-Geschichte, xviii, 176-312; Walch, Ketzerhist. v, 289-936; SchaflF, Ck. Hist, iii, 714^733; Neander, Torrey's transl. ii, 446- 524; iv, 44 sq. ; and his HL'it. of Dogma, p. 329, 331-333, 336, 393; Gieseler, Kirchen-Geschichte, i, div. ii, p. 131 sq. (4th ed.); Baur, Gesch.'der Dreieinigkeitslehre, i, 693- 777 ; Dorner, Person of Christ, ii, 60-98 ; Hefele (R. C), Conciliengesch. ii, 134 sq. ; Milman, History of Latin Christianity, i, 195-252 ; Neale, History of the Holy East- ern Church {Patriarchate of Alexandria), i, 233-277; Wright, Early Christianity in A rabia, § ix ; Stanley, in his Histoi-y of the Eastern Church, has seen fit to ignore the Nestorian and the other Christological controversies — the most important in the history of the Greek Church ; Liddon, Bampton Lectures on the Divinity of Christ, p. 121, 257, 463; comp. also W. MoUer, art. Nestorius, in Herzog's Real-EncyH. x, 288-296. See also the litera- ture appended to the article Nestorians. (J. H. W.)
Net. There are in Scripture several words denoting diS'erent kinds of nets, and this, with the frequency of images derived from them, shows that nets were much in use among the Hebrews for fishing, hunting, and fowling. Indeed, for the two latter purposes nets were used to an extent of which now, since the invention of fire-arms, a notion can scarcely be formed. The various terms applied by the Hebrews to nets had reference either to the construction of the article or to its use and
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objects. To the first of these we may assign the follow- ing terms: (1.) "I'23T3, mihndr, or "''Sw^, mahmor, which occurs only in Psa. cxli, 10 ; Isa. Ii, 20, where it denotes a hunter's net, is derived from "l"23, kamdr, to 2)lait or intertceave ; but a longer word, from the same source, ITt'^'O^^, mikmoreth (A. V. "drag"), denotes the net of fishermen (Isa. xix, 8; Hab. i, 15, 16). (2.) Tj2il5, sebdk, or (in its fem. form) ns^ii,', sebakdh, which is derived from T|?'^, sabdk, to twine, and designates an actual hunting-net in Job xviii, 6 (A. V. " snare") ; but elsewhere is applied to network or latticework, es- pecially around the capitals of columns ("network, wreathen-work," etc., 1 Kings vii, 18, 20, 41, 42 ; 2 Kings XXV, 17 ; 2 Chron. iv, 12, 13 ; Jer. lii, 22, 23), and also before a window or balcony ("lattice," 2 Kings i, 2). To the second head we may assign the following: (3.) 0*111, c/i«re?n, which denotes a net for either fishing or fowling. It is derived from C^H, chardm, signifying to shut up; and the idea is, therefore, founded on its shutting in the prey. It occurs (in this sense) in Hab. i, 16, 17; Ezek. xxvi, 5, 14; xlvii, 10; Zech. xiv, ll,etc. In Eccles. vii, 26 it is applied by an apt metaphor to female entanglements. (4.) TllJ'a, matsod, or 'l^^'Q, matsiid (with the corresponding feminine forms, tl'lTIJ'C, nietsoddh, and fTlil^O, metsuddh), from the root "I^liJ, tsud, to lie in wait, occurs in the sense of a net for fishes (Eccles. ix, 12) or animals (Job xix, 6; Psa. xlvi, 11; " snare," Ezek. xii, 13 ; xvii, 20 ; " to be hunted," Ezek. xiii, 21) ; metaphorically of the prey caught (Prov. xii, 10), or of female blandishments (" snare," Eccles. vii, 26). (5.) ri'i^'l, 7-esheth, the most common term, from TIJ^||', yardsh, to get possession of, is applied to a corded mesh- ivork of any description, whether for catching birds (Prov. i, 17) or other animals (Job xviii, 8 ; Psa. ix, 1 5 ; X, 9; XXV, 15; xxxi, 4; xxxv, 7, 8; Ivii, 6: cxl, 5; Prov. xxix, 5 ; Lam. i, 13 ; Ezek. xii, 13 ; xix, 8 ; xxxii, 3 ; Hos. V, 1 ; vii, 12), or as a screen for sifting ashes from the fire (Exod. xxvii, 4, 5; xxxviii, 4). What distinction other than these vague intimations there may have been between the various nets described by the Hebrew terms we are unable to decide. In the New Testament no other net than that for fishing is mentioned. (6.) The most general word which describes it (ciKrvov, from SiKiiv, to throw, occurring in Matt, iv, 20, 21; Mark i, 18, 19; Luke v,2,4,5,6; John xxi, 6, 8, 11) is usually confined to fishing -nets by classical writers, although sometimes applied to the nets of hunters. (7.) Another word to describe a net, dfxcpl- l3\7}(jTpov (from up(ptl3d\\to, to cast around), occurs in Matt, iv, 18 ; Mark i, 16, which, like cherem above, is founded on the idea of enfolding or shutting in the prey. (8.) A special kind was the Gayljvr) (from adrrw, to load), whence our word seine, a large hauling or draw- net; it is the term used in the parable of the draw-net (Matt, xiii, 47). The metaphorical references to the net are very nu-