New-Light Antiburghers. See Antiburgii-
EIIS.
Ne"w-Light Burghers. See Antiburghers.
New Lights, a name frequently given to the early Christians in contempt. In modern times the expression has been applied to some seceding ecclesiastical bodies in Scotlanil, as, e.g. The Fifth Monarchy 3 fen (q.v.). The Separates (q.v.), a sect of Calvinistic Methodists organized in this country near the middle of last cen- tury, were at first known also as New Lights.
Newlin, Thomas, B.D., an eminent English divine, was born at Winchester in 1G80. In 170G he was elect- ed demy of ^Magdalen College, Oxford ; became M. A. in 1713, and actual fellow in 1718. He was presented to the living of Deeding, Sussex, in 1720, and died in 1743. He was a divine of great worth and remarkable abili- ties, and was especially esteemed for his simplicity of manners and integrity of life. His sermons have always been greatly admired. " There is a zeal and pathos in them which rank them among the most useful sermons and elegant compositions in the language" (Clapham). Many of them are inserted in Dr. Vicesimus Knox's Faniili/ Lectures, and in Clapham's Collection. Newlin
published five separate Sermons (1718-1736) : — Eighteen Sermons on Several Occasions (Oxf. 1720, 8vo) : — One- and-twenty Sermons on Several Occasions (Oxf. 1726, 8vo) : — and translated from the Latin bishop Thomas Parker's History of his Own Times (1727, 8vo). See Darling, Cyclop. Bibliographica, ii, 2174.
Nevrman, Francis William, an eminent Eng- lish speculative writer, perhaps the ablest and most no- ted of modern theists, was born in London in 1805. He received his preparatory training in his own home and at the school of Ealing, and thence passed to Worcester College, Oxford, where he obtained first-class honors in classics and mathematics in 1826, and in the same year a fellowship in Baliol College. This fellowship, how- ever, he resigned ; and he withdrew from the university in 1830, at the approach of the time for taking the de- gree of M.A., declining the subscrijition to the Thirty- nine Articles, which was then required from candidates for the degree. He set out on a lengthened tour in the East, and spent nearly three years (1830-1833) in va- rious parts of Turkey, starting, as some will have it, to engage in missionary work in the East, but finally re- linquishing this work for philological and social studies of the Turks. As the result of his observations in that coimtry we have from his pen letters sent at the time, but not made common public property until 1856, when they were sent forth, entitled Personal Narrative in I jctters, principally from Turkey, in the years 1830-1833. Shortly after his return home he was appointed classical tutor in Bristol College (1834). In 1840 he accepted a similar professorship in Manchester New College ; and finally, in 184G, his great reputation for scholarship, and his general accomplishments, led to his appointment to the chair of the Latin language and literature in the London University, which position he held until 1863, when his numerous literary engagements made it neces- sarj"^ for him to quit the school-room. Yet even while in the professorial chair Jlr. Newman was engrossed by numerous and varied engagements; thus he not only became an active contributor to several literary and scientific periodicals, and to various branches of ancient and modern literature, but took also a leading part in the controversies on religion, in which he chose the line directly opposite to that taken by his elder broth- er, proving no less ardent as a disciple of the extreme rationalistic school tlian John Henry Newman of the dogmatical. Indeed, Francis William Newman is chiefly known to-day on account of the peculiar opinions he held on religions questions. These opinions, and the system fountled upon them, form the subject of his well-known work. Phases of Faith, or Passages from the History of My Creed (1850, and often; replied to from the orthodox standpoint in Rogers's Eclipse of Faith, which Mr. Newman answered in his second edition [1853], which in turn elicited a response from Rogers, entitled A Defence of the Eclipse of Faith [2d ed. 1854]), and of many essays in the Westininster, Eclectic, and other reviews ; but he is also the author of very many separate publications. Of these, several relate to the fundamental questions of the controversy to which we have referred, as Catholic Union: — Essays towards a Church of the Future (1844) :— .4 State Church not Defensible (1846) :— /I History of the Hebrew Monarchy (1847) -.—The Soul, its Sorrows and Aspira- tions (1849) •.—Solomon's Song of Songs, a new transla- tion (1857): — Theism, Doctrinal and Practical, or Di- dactic Religious Utterances (1858), Few men have labored as successfully as F. W. Newman in speculative theological fields. A scholar and a thinker of first-class order, his utterances and publications have commanded the respect of his contemporaries. In England es- pecially he has exerted a widespread and powerful, though it must be confessed, sad as it may seem, a baneful influence. Rather mystical in his religious no- tions, his life spoke most decidedly in favor of the high- est types of Christian manhood, and a personal forget- fulness for Christ's sake. His declarations, however,
NEWMAN
20
NEWMAN