PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 7
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,372,028 words · 1337 reading sections
Section 1
>? ■A-: kP .rf .. #^« ?af -J-.. ♦■ f * ■«1K» A^l7: W Mr I f PRIVATE LIBRA r R'CMARD C. M/'.; »- t X \ f: VCi>.c,gfj ^-)-,Av-:.|' t^ .•-,4.. !•.«:% r ^ , V' i Pr^fVATE LIBHARY RICH A i.'' ^. MALVCr^C CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL, AND ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. PEEPAEED BY HE REV.…
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Figure and Hieroglyph of Anion . . " Nobis Quoque Peccatoribus". . . . ANollard Early Norman Arch Late Norman Doorway Norman Window Oriental Nose-jewel Habit of the Cougregatiou of No- tre Dame Figure of Notus Double Stater of Miletus Early Greek Coin Coin of Philip of Macedon Roman Uncia Shekel of Simon M…
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Throne-Room at Teheran 847 Peacock as a Christian Symbol... 857 Pearl-oyster 858} Common Pelican Page 877 Pendant 8SS Gothic Pendentive 888 Byzantine Pendentive 8S9 White Penitent 892 Denarius of Tiberius 900 Coin of Perga 945 Plan of Perga 945] View of PergamoB 947 Coin of Pergamos 948 Specimen of Perpendi…
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NEW BRUNSWICK NEW CALEDONIA already much mitigated by the clearing of the forests. In the interior, the heat in summer rises to 80^, and sometimes to 95^; and in winter, which lasts from the middle of December to the middle of jMarch, the mer- cury sometimes falls as low as 40° below zero. At Frederickton, the capita…
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New Caledonia, an island of the South Pacific Ocean, belonging to France, and lying about 720 miles east-north-east of the coast of Queensland, in Australia, in lat. 20°-22° 30' S., long. 1640-167° E., is about 200 miles in length, 30 miles in breadth, and has a popula- tion estimated at about 60,000. New Caledonia is …
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in extreme poverty during the protectorate ; but on the restoration he received substantial honors, and in JMarch, 1664, was created earl of Ogle and duke of Newcastle. Clarendon says " he was a very fine gentleman, active, and full of courage." For further details, see the excel- lent article in the American Cyclopced…
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In modern times tlie descendants of unfortunate apos- tates, under the name of New Cliristians, have been gradually losing all traces of the religion of their ances- tors. Tlieir family names alone point them out, such as Sequcira, Costa, Marques, Lucas, Pinto, Cardoso, Cas- tro, and many others, now borne by lioman C…
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Nevrconib, Thomas, D.D., an Anglican divine, was born in 1G75. But little is accessible regarding his early personal history. He was a great grandson of Spenser, the poet, and seems to have inherited the an- cestral love for the muse. In 1734 Newcomb became rector of Stopham, Sussex, and this position he held until his…
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Ne-w Comiection General Baptists. See Baptists. New Connection Methodists. See Kii,- iiAiiiTES ; Wesleyan Methodist New Connection. See also article Methodism iu vol. vi, especialh' p. 156 (3). New Creation, a term denoting the theory of a restoration of the physical universe as the final abode of glorified humanity.…
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(1.) It is manifest that all things belong to (Jod to deal with as he may think proper: there is no known law by which he binds himself to preserve as it now stands either the creation of his own hands or the handiwork of the race that he has created. (2.) The infinite power of an Almighty Creator, that can call forth…
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to God. Is there not, then, in that part of our bodily system which enables us to do all this which is done even by angels and by One higher than angels, the germ of that spiritual body " which can inherit the kingdom of God?" And may we not venture to think of the resurrection of the body as a clothing again of our so…
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III. Spiritual Surroundings. — As the renovation of the material world, and of the corporeal and incorporeal parts of man's nature, will alter all the conditions of what we should call from our present standpoint man's existence and work in the world, so also it will alter those of his existence in the Chuixh, since am…
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NEWELL 11 NEWFOUNDLAND ters and the sermon preached at her fimeral, has passed through many editions in its Enghsh dress, and has also been translated into foreign languages. The cause of missions has been greatly promoted by the delinea- tion of her character and the description of her suffer- ings. Says Dr. Whedon…
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Tlie early history of Newfoundland is involved in obscurity. It was discovered June 24, 1497, in the reign of Henry VII, by John Cabot ; and the event is noticed by the following entry in the accounts of the privy-purse expenditure: '•1497, Aug. 10. To hym ihat found the New Isle, £10." It was visited by the Portuguese…
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NeTV Greek Church is the term sometimes ap- plied to the Eastern Church, as it was constituted after the subjugation of Greece by sultan Mohammed H in 1453, and continued in full power until the Greek Revo- lution of 1831-33 brought about the independent estab- lishment of a state Church for Greece. See articles Gueece…
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Ne-w Holland. See Australia. New Ireland, a long, narrow island in the Pacific Ocean, lying to tlie north-east of New Britain (q. v.), from which it is separated bv St. George Channel; lat. 2= 40'-4o 52' S., long. 150^' 30 '-152= 50' E. Length about 200 miles; average breadth, 20 miles. The hills rise to a height of f…
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The fall brought in spiritual death only, and not jihys- ical death, which was a law of organized bodies from the first. At the decease of the mortal part, men have in all ages risen almost immediately into the spiritual world, and to life and consciousness among the de- parted. That world is not a locality in some par…
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which, and in which alone, supreme Divinity dwells and is manifested, as a man's soul dwells in his own body, and is manifested through that. Thus "the Lamb" becomes the only object of Christian adoration and wor- ship, as he declares to John in Revelation, " I am He who is, and who was, and who is to come, the .AJmigh…
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7. Salvation. — In order to be saved, aU men require spiritual regeneration, in which the desires of the heart and the ideas of the thought are entirely renewed. Tliis is effected altogether by divine influence upon the soul, producing a new creation or new birth, man all the while co-operating by shunning in his life …
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The execution of the judgment in the world of spir- its in 1757 removed many infernal and obstructing in- fluences which hindered the progress and improvement of mankind. A vast dark cloud of evil hovering over Christendom in the invisible world was dissipated, and better influences from heaven began at once to flow in…
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In the United States, where the first Swedenborgian VII.-B Cluirch was organized in 1792, at Baltimore, j\Id., a General Convention exists since 1817, incorporated un- der the law, having associations, societies, or members in nearly all the states in the Union ; in 1873 it re- ])orteil 74 ministers, 93 societies, and…
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"5. That man is not life, but is only a recipient of life from the Lord, who, as he is love itself, and wisdom it- self, is also life itself, which life is communicated by in- flux to all in the spiritual world, whether belonging to heaven or to hell, and to all in the natural world, but is received differently by ever…
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It will be noticed by our readers that the view taken by the Nexv Jerusalem Church of the person and work of Christ, as God, is fundamentally at variance with the opinions of all other Christian churches, whether Eo- manist or Protestant. Tlie language of Scripture con- cerning justification and redemption is invested …
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New-Light Antiburghers. See Antiburgii- EIIS. Ne"w-Light Burghers. See Antiburghers. New Lights, a name frequently given to the early Christians in contempt. In modern times the expression has been applied to some seceding ecclesiastical bodies in Scotlanil, as, e.g. The Fifth Monarchy 3 fen (q.v.). The Separates (q…
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would, if successful, take from us the foundations of the Christian religion; thus strongly and strangely contrasting, by his tenacious clinging to its highest as well as humblest associations, with his strong but inconsistent love for the very letter of Scripture, and his profound conviction of the essential truth of …
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Newman, Jonathan, a noted pioneer minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, flourished near the opening of this centur^y. Of his early personal history we know scarcely anything. In 1791 we find him la- boring in the Wyoming valley, which unites Pennsyl- vania and New York, and later in Otsego County, N. Y., where he…
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Newmarket, an English market-town, situated in the county of Suffolk, is noted in English ecclesias- tical history as the seat of a Church council which is re- ported to have been held there in July, llGl, by Henry II, king of England, and is denominated Concilium ajmd Novum Mercatum. This ecclesiastical gathering is s…
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The new moons are generally mentioned so as to show that they were regarded as a peculiar class of holy daj^s, to be distinguished from the solemn feasts and the Sab- baths (Ezek. xlv, 17 ; 1 Chron. xxiii, 31 ; 2 Chron. ii, 4 ; viii, 13 ; xxxi, 3 ; Ezra iii, 5 ; Neh. x, 33). See Festi- val. The seventh new moon of the…
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4. Litei-ntnre. — INIaimonides, Jad Ila-Chezaha, Ilil- choth Kiddush Ha-Chodesh (translated into Latin by De Veil [Paris, ItiGO; Amsterdam, 1701] and by Witter [Jena, 1703]) ; Abraljanel, Dissert, de Principio amii et consecrutione Noviluuii (W^hrow and Latin, ai>pended by Buxtorf to his translation of The Cosri [Basle…
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New Testament, The (>) Kaivi) SiaBqKr]), the general title appropriated by early and inveterate usage tliroughout the Western Church to the latter portion of the Holy Scriptures— to the collection of writings forming the authoritative records of the Christian, as contrasted with the earlier Jewish, revelation. As the v…
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The variety of the individual elements that make up the New Testament serves several important ends. The different parts of Scripture thereby illustrate, support, and explain each other; and it thus carries within it- self manifold and varied evidence of its truth self-con- sistent, harmonious, divine. The four narrati…
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duty, provides for difficulties and perplexities, suggests the order of churches, and throws up barriers against the wiles of the devil. It shows us tilings to come, the course of the spiritual conflict, the close of this transient scene, the coming of the Lord, the resurrection of the dead, the eternal judgment, the n…
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2. The First Copies. — In the time of the Diocletian persecution (A.D. 303) copies of the Christian Scriptures were sufficiently numerous to furnish a special object for persecutors, and a characteristic name to renegades who saved themselves by surrendering the sacred books (traditores, August. Ep. Ixxvi, 2). Partly, …
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Several very important conclusions follow from this earliest appearance of textual criticism. It is, in the first place, evident that various readings existed in the books of the N. T. at a time prior to all extant authori- ties. History affords no trace of the pure apostolic orig- inals. Again, from the preservation o…
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existing ]MSS. as C L (comp. Griesbach, Symbolce Cri- ticce, i, Ixxvi sq. ; cxxx sq.). In thirteen cases (Nor- ton, Genuineness of the Gospels, i, 234-236) Origen has expressly noticed varieties of reading in the Gospels (Matt, viii, 28; xvi, 20; xviii, 1; xxi, 5, 9, 15; xxvii, 17; Mark iii, 18; Luke i, 46; ix,48; xiv,…
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In uncial MSS. the contractions are usually limited to a few very common forms (9C, IC, IIHP, AAA, etc., i. e. ^ioq, 'l7](7ovc, Trarijp, AaveiS ; comp. Scrivener, Introduction, p. 43). A few more occur in later uncial copies, in which there are also some examples of the ascrijit iota, which occurs rarely in the Codex S…
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Very few INISS. contain the whole N. T., " twenty- seven in all out of the vast mass of extant documents" (Scrivener, Introduction, p. Gl). The MSS. of the Apocalypse are rarest; and Chrysostom complained that in his time the Acts was very little known. Be- sides the MSS. of the N. T., or parts of it, there are also Le…
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NEWTON" 30 NEWTON (from the French, Lond. 1730, 2 vols. 4to) ; Lindsay, Nolef: [extracted from earlier writers] (Lond. 17o6, 2 vols, fol.) ; INIeuschen, A'. 7'. ej- Talin. illustr. (Lips. 1736, 4t()) ; *Doddridire, Expositor (Lond. 1738-47, 3 vols. 4t(); and in many other forms since); Guyse, Expositor (Lond. 1739-5…
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j cess until August, 1848. Having a fondness for the natural sciences. Dr. Newton gave his attention early in life to mineralogy and geology; and, availing himself of the opportunities he had to collect specimens in these j departments, he gathered one of the largest and most I valuable private cabinets in the land. …
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Newton's Study. NEWTON" 32 NEWTON phenomenon, wliich he pursued until he finally elabo- rated his grand theory of the laws of gravitation. Ke- turnuig to the university in 1007, he obtained a fellow- ship; in 16G9, the mathematical professorship; and in 1671 he became a member of the Koyal Society. It was during hi…
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Sir Isaac's principal theological works are. Observations on the Prophecies ofl/ohj Writ,i-iz. Daniel and the Apoc- alypse, and his Historical A ccoiint of two notable Corrup- tions of Scripture, mainly composed prior to 1G90, but finished in that year, and first published in 1751 under the erroneous title of Two Lette…
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of Trinity College, Cambridge, was published in 1851 under the editorial care of Mr. J. Edleston ; the corre- spondence of Newton with Mr. Pepys and INIr. Milling- ton is in tlie possession of lord Braybrooke ; and other manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. See Brewster, Life of Newton (Lond. 1831, 12mo); e…
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homeward was tedious, and from very weariness he read Stanhope's Thoinas a Kriiiph, and tlie thoiigVit flashed through his mind, " What if these things should be true?" That very night a terrible storm fell on them; death raged around the sinking ship, and then it was, as he says, " I began to pray. I could not utter t…
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Ne'wton, Richard, D.D., a noted English divine, was descended from a family that had long been of con- siderable repute and of good fortune. His father en- joyed a moderate estate at Lavendon Grange, in Buck- inghamshire, which is now in the family. Richard Newton was born at Yardley Chase, in Northampton- shire, in 16…
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regarded simply as pulpit compositions, are entitled to be ranked with the best published discourses which this generation has produced. "It has always seemed to us," says the London Beview, July, 1856, p. 563, " that the great popularity of Dr. Newton was verj' inade- quately explained by referring it to those rare ph…
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1. Name and its Signifcation, and the Import of this Festival. — In the two passages wliere tlie institution of it occurs, this festival is called H"!"!" "jllST, remem- brance blowing, i.e. of trumpets (Lev. xxiii, 24; Sept. IAvr)fi6(Tvvuv aaXTviyyon'; Vulg. Sabbatwn memoriale clangentibus iiibis), and n"1"in DT', the …
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NEW YEAR 37 NEW YEAR a pair of scales ia his right hand and an open book in his left, as the sign of the zodiac for this month, thus expressing the religions idea of this festival. With the exception of the sacriiices which cannot be offered in consequence of the destruction of the Temple, and a few modifications w…
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3. Literature. — Mishna, Rosh IJa-Shana ; and the Gemara on that Tractate ; the Siphra on Lev. xxiii, 23- 25 ; Numb, xxix, 1 ; Abrabanel, Commentary on Exod. xii, 1 sq. ; Lev. xxiii, 23-25 ; Numb, xxix, 1 ; the Jewish Ritual entitled Derech Ha-Chajim (Vienna, 1859), p. 258 sq. ; the Machsor for Rosh lla-Shana ; Meyer, …
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The Chinese begin their year about the vernal equi- nox, and the festival observed on the occasion is one of the most splendid of their religious feasts. All classes, including the emperor, mingle together in free and un- restrained intercourse, and miite in thanksgiving for mercies received, as well as in prayer for a…
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NEW ZEALAND 39 NEW ZEALAND custom. Many religious communions are wont to cele- brate the ajiproach of the New Year with a special ser- vice, especialh' the Methodists. In the Roman Catholic Church the Te Deum is still sung at the close of the old claiming and cultivating land can be carried on at all seasons. The s…
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New Zealauder. than the men in proportion, and are in other respects inferior to them, perhaps from their marrying too young, and having to perform too much of the dnulgeryof life. Some of the women, however, are represented as being delicately moulded, with long eyelashes, pleasing feat- ures, and a plaintive, pathet…
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Marriage among the New Zealanders, previous to the introduction of Christianity, did not involve any spe- cial religious ceremonies. Before marriage, girls not betrothed were permitted to inihilge in promiscuous in- tercourse if thej' pleased, and the more lovers they had the more highly they were esteemed. INIarried w…
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To show the rapid growth of Christianity in these islands, we give the follow^ing table, exhibiting the num- ber of communicants in the eastern district, from the year 1840, when the Church consisted entirely of na- tives who came from the Bay of Islands, principally as teachers : 1S40 29 I 1845 14S4 1H41 133 1 1S46 …
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1870, pt. i, p. 228 sq. ; Brit. Qua?: Rev. April, 1873, p. 28 sq. ; Jan. 1873, p. 12G. Neyelah is the name of a deity worshipped by the ancient Arabians before the days of Mohammed. Nezi'ah (Heb. Netsi'ach, tl"^^?, illustrious; Sept. Nno-^ie. Ezra ii, 54 ; Nto-f i», Neh. vii, 56 ; v. r. NfSjf , Ni(Tt« ; Vulg. Nasia),…
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Gnostic Representation of a Dog-headed Figure. basaltic gem in the collection of viscount Strangford. It is still more to the point to observe that on one of the slabs found at Khorsabad and represented by Botta (pi. 141), we have the front of a temple depicted with an animal near the entrance, which can be notliing e…
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Various theories have been propounded to explain Constantine's aim in calling this council. By some it is represented as having served a poUtical purpose (based on Eusebius, ]'ita Comtant. iii, 4); by others it is re- garded as intended to restore quiet to the Church, and unite all its parties in the great Trinitarian …
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The main object of the council being thus achieved, the fathers proceeded to determine other matters which were brought before them : First. They considered the subject of the Meletian schism, which for some time past had divided Egypt, and they decreed that Meletius shoidd keep the title and rank of bishop in his see …
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2or Orders that all persons shall offer up their prayers on Sundays and Pentecost standing. It w^is also proposed to add another canon, enjoining continence upon the married clergy: but Paphinitins warmly opposed the imposition of such a yoke, and pre- vailed, so that the proposal fell to the ground. The creed and the…
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NIC^AN COUNCILS 47 NICAISE sq., and the Syriac fragments in Analecta Niccena. Fragments relating to the Council of Niaea. The Syr- iac text from an ancient MS. by H. Cowper (London, 1857). II. The second Council of Nicfea, called also the seventh CEcumenical Council, though falsely so, was as- sembled Aug. 17, 78G,…
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Another session (not recognised either by Greeks or Latins) was held at Constantinople, to which place the bishops had been cited by the empress Irene, who was present, with her son Constantine, and addressed the as- sembly. The decree of the council and the passages from the fathers read at Nicrea were repeated, and t…
1,096 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.