of Trinity College, Cambridge, was published in 1851 under the editorial care of Mr. J. Edleston ; the corre- spondence of Newton with Mr. Pepys and INIr. Milling- ton is in tlie possession of lord Braybrooke ; and other manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. See Brewster, Life of Newton (Lond. 1831, 12mo); entirely rewritten under the title of Memoirs of the Life, Wrii- ings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Aewton (1855, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Biot, Life, in the Biof/. Univers. s. v. ; Turner, Collections for the Hist, of Granthain, containing the papers forwarded to Fontenelle by Conduit, the husband of Newton's niece, and Dr. Stukeiey's A ccount of the In- fancy of Newton, written in 1727; Fontenelle, "liloge de Newton," (Euvres diverses (La Haye, 1729, 4to), t. iii; Bioffraphia Britannica, s. v. ; Birch, Hist, of the Royal Society (Lond. 1756-57, 4to), vols, iii and iv ; Heads of illustrious Persons of Great Britain, engraved by Hou- braken and Vertue, with their Lives, by Birch (Lond. 1743, fol.), i, 147. The reader may further consult Montucla, Hist, des 3Iathem. t. ii, iii, iv; Pemberton, A ccount ofNetvton's Philosophy ; Maclaurin, A ccount of Newton's Discoveries; Priestley, Hist, of Optics; La- place, Exposition da Systeme du Monde, ch. v; lord King, Life and Corresp>ondence of Locke ; Life of New- ton, in the Library of Useful Knowledrje, etc. ; the very brief but excellent memoir of Newton by Prof. De Mor- gan in Knight's Cabinet Historical Gallery, xi, 78-118; and that by Allibone in his Diet, of Brit, and A mer. Authors, ii, 1414-1421, with its valuable addenda of Bibliography. See also Edinh. Rev. Oct. 1832; Lond. Qu. Rev. Oct. 1861 ; North Brit. Rev. Aug, 1855; Eor, Qu. Rev. July, 1833; Littell's Living Age, Nov. 3, 1855, art. v ; Jan. 14, 1856, art. i. (J. H. W.)
Newton, James, an English divine and hymnolo- gist, was born in Chenies, England, in 1733. He was early trained in the observance of religious duties. At the age of seventeen he went to London, and became a member of the Church at Mage Pond. He was pre- pared for the ministry by Dr. Llewelyn, and became about the year 1757 assistant minister in the Pithay Chapel, Bristol. In 1770 he became classical tutor to the Bristol Education Society. This office ho filled with honor until his death, April 8, 1790. He pub- lished several of his sermons and a few hymns, which have been incorporated in different hymnological com- pilations. See Miller's Singers and Sot^gs of the Church. (S. S.)
Ne'wton, John, "once an infidel and libertine, a servant of slaves in Africa," as he wrote of himself in his epitaph, but afterwards an eminently pious and ex- emplary servant of God, was born in London in 1725. He was devoted by his mother, who was a pious dis- senter, to the Christian ministry, and his training to that end was begun when he was but four years old. But she died when he was scarcely seven years old, and, neglected by his father and stepmother, he forgot her instructions, fell into the company of idle and vicious boys, and soon learned their ways. Getting hold of lord Shaftesbury's Characteristics, he was beguiled by its fair words, and gradually settled down a confirmed infidel. Having been accustomed to take voyages with his father, he at last devoted himself entirely to a seafaring life. Be- fore he was of age he deserted his ship, was brought back to Plymouth as a felon, kept in irons, degraded from his office as midshipman, and publicly whipped. But sin and severe punishment only hardened him the more. While on a voj'age he obtained leave to ex- change into a vessel bound for the African coast. His purpose, as he afterwards declared, was to be free to sin. He left the ship and lived on the island of Plan- tains, where he became at last the almost hopeless slave of a slave-trader, who engaged him in the meanest drudgery of his infamous traffic. He was mocked by his master's wife — an abandoned woman — kept almost naked, and half starved. Upon writing to his fatlier, arrangements were made for his return. The voyage
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