Nicolls, John, a renegade English theologian of the 16th century, who originally hold a vicarship in Wales, but went to Antwerp and turned Catholic. After two years he returned to f^ngland, renounced Catholi- cism, and wrote in English the lives of certain wicked popes, cardinals, bishops, monks, and Jesuits. He after- wards travelled over France; and, finally, relapsing again to Romanism at Rouen, wrote in Latin, about 1583, a public confession of his mendacity. See Jo- cher, Gelihrten-Lexikon, s. v.
Nicolopoulo, CossTANTiN, a Greek philologist of note, was born at Smyrna in 1786, of a family original- ly from Andrizena, in the Morca. He commenced his studies in Smyrna and finished them in Bucharest, under the skilful Hellenist Lampros Photiades. Nicolopoulo early made himself known by his poems in modern Greek. He went to France while young, and earned his living by private lessons ; he afterwards taught Greek literature in the Athcnreum of Paris, and finally became attached to the library of the Institute. He had, through economy, and by imposing upon himself great priva- tions, made a rich collection of books, which he de- signed for the city of Andrizena. In 1840 he obtain- ed a pension, and, preparing to retire to Greece, he sent to that country several boxes of books ; but in beating the volumes upon his arm to remove the dust from them, he inflicted upon himself a wound which soon became aggravated in an alarming manner. Nic- olopoulo was carried to the hospital named LTIotel- Dieu, Paris, where he died, June 15, 1841. He had made no will, and left no heirs. The Donijiine caused the rest of his library to be sold at a villainous price. The masterpiece of Nicolopoulo is an Ode sur le prin- teinps ((5rcek, with a French translation, Paris, 1817, 8vo). He was the collaborator of several literarj' jour- nals, and of the Revue enri/clojiedique, to which he fur- nished, among other articles, a '• Notice sur la vie ct Ics ecrits de Rhigas." He undertook himself a periodical review in modern Greek, entitled L\lheille,v.hich had three numbers, 1819-21 ; later he published at his own expense, and to be distributed gratis to the students of Atliens and /Egina, another philological review, entitled Jupiter Pan-hellenien — one number appeared (Paris, 1835, 8vo). He placed at the head of the Dialogue sur la revolution Grecque of Greg. Zalik a " Discours ad- dresse ii tons les jeimes Grecs sur I'importaiice de la lit- terattire et de la philosophic Grecques" (in Greek). He revised the Greek text of the Euclide of F. Peyrard (Paris, 1814-18), and of the Almageste of Ptolemcus pul)lished by the abbe Halma (1817). A musical ama- teur and pupil of Fetis, Nicolopoulo was the editor of the Introduclion a. la theorie et a la pratique de fa mu- sique ecclesiastique of Chrysanthe de Mcdyte, and of the
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Doxastika, a collection of noted hymns of the Greek Churcli collected and arranged by tiregoire Lanipada- rios (1821, 8vo). lie was corresponding member of the ArchiKological Institute of Eome. See La Presse, Dec. 13, 18-11; Qiierard, France Litter, s. v.; Fetis, fiiogra- phte Unicersdle den Musiciens, s. v. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 10.
Nicolosius, .loiiANSES Baptista, D.D., a Sicilian priest and geographer, was born Oct. 14, ICIO. He be- came a great linguist, made himself beloved for his pru- dence and eloquence, was a long time maintained bj' Ferdinand Maximilian, margrave of IJaden, and after- wards chaplain at St. Maria Maggiore in Rome. He wrote several geographical works, and died at Home Jan. 10, 1G70. See Jocher, Gelvhrten-Lexikon, s. v.
Nicols, WiLMAM, an English prelate, was born at Stratford Nov. 1, 1591. He studied at Oxford. After filling various ecclesiastical otiices, he became bishop of Gloucester in 1G(J0, and died Feb. 5, 1672. He wrote several theological works, which are enumerated by Jocher, Gelehrten-Lexikon, s. v.
Nicolson (or Swefnnm), John, an English Jesuit, was born at Northampton in 1581. He became a preacher, was driven from his native country, and died as a penitentiary at Loretto, Nov. 4, 1622. He wrote a few theological works, for which see Jocher, Gelehrten- Lexikon, s. V.
Nicoluccius, Johannes Uominicus, an Italian Doniiiiicau of Meldola. in the diocese of Forli, who was skilled especially in canon la^v•, flourished about 1693, and wrote two or three theological works, which are enumerated in Jiicher's Gelehrten-Lexikon, s. v.
Niconiachus oi- GicRASA,in Arabia (Eastern Pales- tine), a Neo-Pythagorean philosopher who flourished in the times of the Antonines, probably from about 140 to 150 A.D., is noted as the author of Arithmetica (Paris, 1538; Leipsic, 1817; and again in 1861, 1866, and 1867), in which he teaches the pre-existence of numbers before the formation of the world in the mind of the Creator, where they constituted an archetype, in conformity with which he ordered all things. Niconiachus thus reduces the Pythagorean numbers, as Philo reduces the ideas, to thoughts of God. Nicomachus defines number as defi- nite quantity {-Xii^og apiafisvov, i, 7). In the BeoXo- youi.avct api^iii]TiKu (which is in the Bibl. of Photius [cod. 187], and is ascribed to this Nicomachus), he ex- pounds the mj'stical signification of the first ten num- bers, according to which number 1 was God, reason, the principle of form and goodness, and 2 the principle of inequality and change, of matter and evil, etc. The ethical problem for man, he teaches, is solved by retire- ment from the contact of impurity, and reunion with God. He indirectly exercised no small influence on European studies in the 15th and 16th centuries. Boe- thius did but abbreviate Nicomachus's larger work on arithmetic, now lost. See Smith. Diet, of Chisn. Biog. ii, 1 195 ; Fabricius, Bibl. Grcec. v, 629. (.J. II. W.)