"The parching ah-
Burns fierce, and cold performs the effects of fire." Paradise Lost, ii, 595.
Josephus states that the north wind in the neighbor- hood of Joppa was called by those who sailed there MtXajti/Sopfiot-, " the black north wind," and certainly his description of its effects, on one occasion, off that coast is appalling (1F«;-, iii, 9, 3). — Kitto. See Notus.
North America. See America.
North, Brovrnlow, a noted English lay preacher, was born shortly after the opening of the present cen- tury, and was educated and fitted for business life. He studied at the University of Oxford, and was by his friends, who were of the nobility, intended for the min- istry ; but he himself, preferring a gay and worldly life, chose the mercantile profession. About 1854 he was suddenly and marvellously impressed with his obligation to his Maker, and, once converted, he became an enthu- siastic worker for the Church. He began his Christian labor in a very modest and quiet manner, but he soon became known and distinguished in more ways than one. His earliest Christian labors were in behalf of the sick. After a while he distributed tracts, and gradually gave himself up to the labor of saving souls, and went about addressing the people in houses, churches, and streets. His earnestness and enthusiasm soon made him
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popular, and he frequently was listened to by crowds. In 1809 the ijeneral council of the Free Church of Scot- land licensed him to preach as an evangelist. He died in the midst of his work at Tillechewane, Scotland, whither he had gone to fullil a preaching engagement, in December, 1875.
North, John, D.D., a learned English divine, son of haroH Duillcy Nortli, was born in London Sept. 4, \6ib. Destined for an ecclesiastical life, he was educated at Cambridge University, and there took all his degrees. He then taught Greek in his alma mater, and in 1G77 succeeded the famous Isaac Barrow as principal of Trin- ity College. During the exercise of these duties he con- tinued the collection of the fine librarj' begun by his predecessor. He died in Cambridge in April, 1683. Dr. North was noted for his scholarship, especially a pro- found acquaintance with the philosophy of Plato; he published a valuable edition of certain writings of that philosopher (Cambridge, 1673, 8vo), and assisted on the Fragmenta Pythagorica of Gale. " North was a high Tory, an advocate of absolute monarchy, a severe dis- ciplinarian, and an austere man in his personal habits. Although his opinions accorded with those prevalent in the university, his conduct as head of a college made him unpopular" (Stoughton, Eccles. Hist, of England, ii, 252). See Roger North, Lives of F. North, Dudley North, and Rev. John North (Lond. 1740, 1742, 3 vols. 8vo) ; Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v. (J.H.W.)
North Side of the Church. The east was re- garded as the gate of the prince (Exod. xliv, 1-3) ; the south as the land of light, and the soft, warm wind (Acts xxvii, 13); the west as the domain of the people; but the north, as the source of the cold wind, was the abode of Satan. In some Cornish churches there is an entrance called the devil's door, adjoining the font, which was only opened at the time of the renunciation made in baptism. In consequence of these superstitions and its sunless aspect, the northern parts of the church- yards are usually devoid of graves. The north side of the altar corresponds to the Greek fiopnov /iipog and the Latin siiiisirum cornu. See AValcott, Sacred A rchce- ology, p. 402.
Northampton, Councils of {Concilium North- amptoniense), wn'ie held in the r2th and 13th centuries. 1. The tirst of these, convened Oct. 13, 1 164. condemned Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, for perjury, though it is very clear that the verdict was consequent on a royal threat which promised severe penalties to all who should uphold the prelate. See Wilkins, Condi, i, 435 ; Labbe, Concil. x, 1433. 2. Another council convened in 1176, by order of cardinal-legate Hugo, and was attend- ed by most of the Scottish clergy, who debated the right of authority of tiie archbishop of York over them. See Wilkins, Concil. i, 483 ; Labbe, Concil. x, 1469. 3. A third council was held Nov. 2, 1265, by cardinal-legate Octobanus, and condemned all the bishops and priests who had sided with Simon, earl of Leicester. See Wil- kins, Concil. i, 762; Ilaynal, iii, 181; Landon, Man. of Councils, s. V.
Noi'thiimberland, /T^;?/, Henry Percy, snmamed the Wi'iirrd. figures in ecclesiastical liistory for the part he played in the Ciunpowder Plot. He was born in 1563, and was a son of Henry, the eighth earl, who died in the Tower in 1585. In the battle against the Invinci- ble Armaila in 1588 he commanded a ship. He was a cousin of Thomas Percy, an accomplice in the (iun- powder Plot (1605) ; and although the earl himself was a Protestant, he was confined many years in the Tower on suspicion. He acquired the appellation of Wizard by his study of the occult sciences in prison. He died in 1632.
Norton, Andre'ws, a distinguished American the- ologian and scholar, was born at Hingham, Mass., Dec. 31, 1786. He graduated at Harvard College in 1804,