NOVIOMAGUS
216
NOTES
may be doubted whether a very young person should be allowed to bind himself for life by irrevocable vows. Some authors designated the catechumens as novitii, noritiuli, tirones Dei. See Penny Cyclop, s. v. ; Eadie, Ecclex. Cyclop, s. v.; Farrar, Eccles. Diet. s. v.; Hill, Monasticism in England, \i. 15 ; Wolcott, Sacred A rchce- olor/y, s. V. ; Lea, Uist. Celibacy ; Ludlow, Woman's Woi'k in the Church, p. 95, 126, 158, 173. See Neophyte; Novi. (J.N. P.)
Noviomagus. See Nassau.
Novis, Aucii'STiN DE, an Italian canonist, was born in Lombardy, and lived in the 15th century. He taught law in Pavia, became canon, and left among other writ- ings a Scrutinium triparfitum in quatricomiiltum con- silium, which was printed (Florence, 1500, foL). See Fabricius, Bibliothecu Latina medii cevi, i, iOO. — Hoefer, Naur. liiog. Generale, xxxviii, 348.
Novitiate, the time of probation, as well as of preparatory training, which in all religious orders pre- cedes the solemn Profession (q. v.). Under the head of MoN'ACiiis.M will be found the general principles by which the training for the " religious" life is regulated. It will be enough to refer here to the article Novice.
Novojentzi is the name of a sect of dissenters from the Kusso- Greek Church (q. v.) who are strongly in favor of marriage, in opposition to those who prefer a life of celibac}-. See Platon, Hist. Russian Ch. (Index).
No"welL See Noel.
NoTwell, Alexander, an English theologian of note, was born at Keadliall, Lancastershire, in 1507 or 1508. He studied at Hrazenose College, Oxford, of which he was elected fellow in 1510. He next went to London, where he was appointed second master of Westminster School, then recenth' established. In 1550 lie was ordained, and in 1551 was made prebendary of Westminster. In 1553 he was elected to the House of Commons by the borough of Looe, in Cornwall ; but his seat was contested, and in the same year, as under Mary, who was now the ruler of England, the whole Reformed establishment — bishop, chapter, and school — was swept away, Nowell not only lost his position at the school in Westminster, but was compelled to leave England, to avoid the persecution then raging against the Protes- tants. He retired to Strasburg, where he met Jewell, Sandys, Grindal, etc. He returned to England when Elizabeth ascended the throne. He now became suc- cessively chaplain of bishop Grindal in 1559, archdeacon of Middlesex and dean of St. Paul in 151)1), and canon of Windsor in 1594. He died at London Feb. 13, 1G02. He was a learned and pious divine, and a zealous pro- moter of education. Part of his income was devoted to establishing a school in Lancashire, and endowing thir- teen scholarships in Brazenose College, Oxford. He took part in the assembly of 1563, which revised the articles of the Church of Flngland. He wrote Catechis- mus, sire prima institutio disciplinaque pietatis Christi- ance, Latine explicata (Oxon. 1835, 8vo ; also in Enchi- ridion Theoloyicum, vol. ii ; an English translation is given in Kichmond, Eathers, viii, 1 ; and extracts in Burrow, E. J. Summary) : — Chi-istiance pietatis prima institutio ad usuni scholariun Latine scripta (ibid. 1795, 8vo) ; this is an abridgment of the former, and known as the " Middle Catechism ;" it was edited by bishop Cleaver : — Catechismus parvus pueris primum qui edis- catur proponendus in scholis (Lond. 1578, 8vo); this is Nowell's "Smaller Catechism;" extracts from it are given in Churton's Life of Nowell: it appears to have been the original of the " Church Catechism," which is nearly similar: — On the Sacraments, and chiefly con- cerning the Holy Eucharist (Tracts of Angl. Fathers, i, 82). See Ralph Churton, Life of Xowell (Oxf. 1809, 8vo) ; Burnet, Hist. Ref. ii, 391 ; lii, 452; Froude, Uist. of Engl, vi, 113; vii, 490; viii, 139; Soames, Elizabeth- an History, p. 51, 252, 297; Wordsworth, Eccles. Biog. (see Index in vol. iv) ; Ilardwick, Hist, of the Ref. p.
218, n. 4 ; p. 231 , n. 3 ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. ii, 2221 ; Hoefer, Xouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 350. (J. H. W.)
Nowell, Thomas, D.D., an English theologian and divine, was born about 1728. He was educated at the University of Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1753; and became fellow of Oriel College, and public ora- tor. In 1764 he became principal of St. Mary's Hall, and in 1771 king's professor of modern history. He tlied in 1801. Dr. Nowell wrote An Answer to a Pamphlet, entitled Pietas Oxoniensis, or a Full and Impartial Ac- count, etc., in a Letter to the A uthor (Oxf. 1768, 8vo) : — Sermon, Xumb. xvi, 3 (Lond. 1772, 4to). This sermon, asserting the divine right of kings, was suppressed by the author, a vote of thanks given by the House of Lords having been afterwards ordered to be expunged by a large majority of the House. See Critical Re- marks on Dr. KoweWs Sermon on Numb, xvi, 3 (Lond. 1772, 4to). — Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. ii, 2221.
Noyers, Guy de, a French prelate of noble descent, lived in the 12th century. After having filled the of- fices of provost of Auxerre and archdeacon of Sens, he was confirmed archbishop of Sens by Alexander HI in 1176. We find him in 1179 at the Lateran Council, and at the coronation of Philip Augustus in the church of Rheims. In 1180, on Ascension-day, he himself crowned, in the church of St. Denis, Isabella, wife of Philip. In this year, during the Christmas festivities, he again found himself near the king in the church of St. Denis, where they had a great debate. The Lateran Council having forbidden the Jews to own Christian slaves, Guy de Noyers pretended that he would execute this decree; the king, on his side, enjoined him to ab- stain from this affair, saying that any question relative to the condition of persons belonged to the civil court. But the archbishop would not understand the reasons given by the king, and the discussion grew so bitter that Philip, in anger, exiled him. However, this exile was of short duration. We see Guy de Noyers re-es- tablished upon his seat from the year 1181. He died Dec. 21, 1193. We have letters from Alexander III, Urban HI, and from Stephen of Tournay, addressed to Guy de Noyers. ]M. Daunon justly calls Guy de Noyers one of the most learned prelates of his time; but he is wrong when he pretends that this prelate has left but two charters, puldished in vol. xii of the Gallia Chris- tiana. The manuscript archives of the church of Sens offer us several other diplomas of the same archbishop. See Gallia Christiana, vol. xii, col. 53 ; Hist. Litt. de la France, xv, 611. — Hoefer, Nuuv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 352.