Oehlmiiller was emjiloyed to complete the works at the castle of Ilohcnschwangau. He died in 1839. In 1823 and 1825 he published a book containing designs for funeral monuments. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, 62(5.
CEuisteria {otvi(Tri]pia'), a name for the libations of wine poured out to Hercides by the youth of Athens on reaching the age of manhood.
CEnoatis is a surname oi Artemis, under which she was worshipped at Q]^noe, in Argolis.
dlnomancy (Gr. oii'oc, wine, and j.iarT(ia, dicina- tion), a species of divination practiced by ancient Greeks, in which they drew conjectures from the color, motion, and other circumstances connected with the wine used in libations to the gods.
CSnomania (oZi'oc, wine, and fxav'ia, madness) [usually Anglicized Oinomania~\ is a term of modern invention to denote an irresistible or insane craving for alcoholic stimulants, when occurring in a habitual or confirmed form, and requiring confinement or restraint of the person for its cure. Much discussion has taken place in regard to this and other forms of ;vhat is often called Moral Insanity ; the most recent views of physi- cians, however, tend to show that the drinking insanity, ox furor bibendi, as it was called by an early writer on the subject, is often associated with other forms of men- tal derangement, and is very apt to be, in connection with one or more of these forms, hereditarily transmit- ted, even through several generations; so that the really physical or insane character of the craving for stimu- lants, at least in some cases, may be regarded as a well- established fact in medicine. — Chambers. See Mono- MAMiA. Many of the considerations adduced under the art. Kleptomania (q. v.) apply to the moral responsi- bility of persons laboring under this disease, and per- haps with increased force, as it has a peculiarly physical relation. Other questions relate to the general subject of temperance (q. v.).
QGnomaus (O/i'o^aoc), of Godava, a cynic philos- opher, flourished in the reign of Hadrian, or somewhat later, but before Porphyry (Syncell. p. 349 b; Suid. S.V.). He was one of those later Cynics whose philos- ophy consists not so much in any definite system of doctrine as in a free and unrestrained tone of thought and life. Thus the emperor Julian charges him with sensuality and profaneness; and his sarcasms upon the old cynic doctrines have led some to believe, but with- out reason, that he belonged to some other sect (Julian, Orat. vi, 199 ; vii, 209, ed. Spanheim). Suidas mentions as his works, Hf pi Kwiannv: — HoAirfia : — HfiOi T)~]CKa^' "0/(?/pov <ti\oao<pia(: : — llepi KpdrrjroQ Kai Aioyh'ovg Kai tS)v XoiTToJv. This list, however, does not include the work which is best known to us, namely, his ex- posure of the oracles, which is sometimes entitled Kara Tuiv xp7/(TrJ7pi'wi'; but the proper title seems to have been ro/jritiv ^wpf/, i. e. Delectio Prcestigiatorum. Con- siderable extracts from this work are preserved by Eu- sebius, who tells us that Qilnomaus was provoked to write it in consequence of having been deceived him- self by an oracle (Eusebius, Prcej). Evang. v, 18 sq. ; vi, 1 ; Socrates, //. E. iv, 13 ; Niceph. x, 36 ; Theodoret, Therap. vi, 36 ; x, 141 a). Julian also speaks of trage- dies by OSnomaus {Orat. vii, 210). See Smith, Did. of Greek and Roman Biog. and ^[ythol. iii, 17, 18.
Oertel, Euchlin Friedrich Christian, a Ger- man divine of note, was born at Streitberg in 1765, and flourished at Anspach as professor at the gymnasium. He died about 1845. He is the author of Christologie, or results of the latest exegetical expositions concern- ing the divinity of Christ, in which subordinationistic views are held by him (Hamburg, 1792) ; and a version of the P>ible from the original languages, with annota- tions (Anspach, 1817, vol. i), all in German. See Winer, Ilandbuch, s. v.
Oertel, Philipp Friedrich 'Wilhelm (better
OETINGER
310
OETINGER
known by his nom de plume, W. O. vox Horn), a Ger- man author, was born at Horn, near Simmern, Aug. 15, 1798. He was the son of a clergyman ; studied theology at Heidelberg; was in the charge of a parish at Manne- bach from 1820 to 1835 ; was ecclesiastical superintend- ent at Sobernheim from 1835 to 18G3, and subsequent- ly resided at Wiesbaden. He died Oct. 14, 1867. He was a voluminous writer of popular stories, and his Gesammelte Erzahlungm (Wiesbaden, 1850-1859, 13 vols.) has passed through numerous editions.
Oetinger, Fkiepkicei Christopii, a noted German theosophist and religious psychologist, celebrated as a mystical exponent of the sacred writings, was born of pious parentage at Giippingen, in Wurtemberg, May 6, 1702. He studied at the University of Tlibingen, where he came in contact with some of the Inspired; and his studies thereupon took a decidedly mystical turn. He also devoted himself to the study of the philosophical writings of Leibnitz and Wolf, and was "altogether im- mersed in the doctrine of the monads." He studied Malebranche, too. After the completion of his course at the university he became intimately related to Ben- gel, corresponding with him and visiting him frequently. His whole object now was to impregnate the Wollian philosophy with a deeper Biblical element, and to as- certain therein the final principles and highest unity of all thought. He read the Church fathers industri- ously, especially Augustine, and pored over the Eabbins and their cabalistic speculations. He visited Jena and Leipsic, and there made the acquaintance of Francke, Spangenberg, and Zinzendorf, with the last of whom he spent some time in Herrnhut. He also made many other journeys. He saw Leipsic, Berlin, and the large places of the Low Countries. He finally returned to Tubingen ; and after having acted awhile as tutor there, and assisted count Zinzendorf in his project for translating the Scriptures, he was appointed reader in theology in the Universit}- of Halle. This post he re- signed however in order to travel, and especially to con- sult some of the eminent theologians of Holland. Re- turning to Wurtemberg, he was, in 1738, appointed pas- tor at Hirschau. He had now fully adopted the views of the Pietists, whose sentiments were then obtaining the approval of many of the most learned and pious men in Germany, while they found very general acceptance among persons of a devotional temperament, with whom Oetinger's purity of life, earnestness of manner, exten- sive theological acquirements, and perhaps his mysti- cism of style, all combined to give him great influence, so that he soon came to be regarded as the Pietistic leader in that part of Germany. Oetinger was an earnest stu- dent of the writings of Jacob Bohme ; and he became an ardent disciple of Emmanuel Swedenborg, some of whose works he translated into German. His teaching of these mystic doctrines having called forth some remonstrances from his ecclesiastical superiors, he announced his re- solve not to publish any more of his writings, but he continued to furnish such of his followers as applied for spiritual advice with his written instructions. He was nominated in 1752 to the superintendence of the churches in the district of Weinsberg, and afterwards in that of Herrenberg, and subsequently bishop of Jlurr- hard. He died February 10, 1782.