In idiom Onkelos closely resembles Ezra and Daniel. The translation itself is executed in accordance with a sober and clear though not a slavish exegesis, and keeps closely to the text in most instances. In some cases, however, where tlie meaning is not clear, it ex- pands into a brief explanation or paraphrase, uniting the latter sometimes with llaggadistic by-work, chosen with tact and taste, so as to please the people and not offend the dignity of the subject. Not unfrequently it differs entirely from the original, as far, e.g., as an- thropomorphisms and anthropopatliies — anything, in fact, which miglit seem derogatory to the Deitj' — are concerned. Further may be noticed a repugnance to bring the Divine Being into too close contact, as it Avere, w'ith man, by the interposition of a kind of spirit- ual barrier (tlie "Word," "Shechinah," "Glory") when a conversation, or the like, is reported between God and man. Its use lies partly in a linguistic, partly in a theological direction ; but little has been done for its study as yet. The Targum has been inserted in all the polyglots. The punctuation adopted in these works is very defective. Buxtorf the ekler labored to correct it. but did not succeed completely. Tliere are besides numerous other editions of it. The Jews, who esteem it highly, published it repeatedly either with or with- out the Hebrew text. The oldest edition known is that of Bologna (1482, and the Hebrew text and com- mentaries by Sal. Jarchi). One of the most recent and best is that of Heinemaim (Berlin, 1831-35, 3 pts. 8vo). It contains also the Hebrew text of the Penta- teuch, the commentaries of Sol. Jarchi, and Mendel's German version; but thus far no really critical edition has been prepared and published, notwithstanding the numerous MSS. of it extant in almost all the larger libraries of Europe. There are quite a number of trans- lations of the Targum; notewortliy is that of Alphonse de Zamora in tlie polyglots of Alcala, Antwerp, Paris, and London, and at the end of the Vulgate of Venice (1609, foL), and of that of Antwerp (101(3, fol.), and also published separately (Antwerp, 1530, 8vo) ; that of Paul Fagius, Paraphrasis Onkcli Chulduica, ex Chaldceo in Latinum fidelissime veisa (Strasb. lo4G, fol.) ; that of Bernardin 13aldi, a MS. in the Albani library. Onkelos On the Pentateuch has been translated into English by Etheridge (Loud. 18G2, 2 vols. ]2mo). Useful gkisses and commentaries have been written by Berlin, entitled X-S-'a-in "ir^ (Breslau, 1827; Wilna, 1830); by Luz- zatto, entitled 15 anx (\lenna, 1830) ; and by Ben- Zion, called IIX rrJIS (Wilna, 1843). The MS. copies of Onkelos's Targum are very numerous; De Kossi pos- sessed fifty-eight, and Wolf gives a long list of them in his Bibliotheca Ilebraa, vol. ii. According to Richard Simon, the copies vary greatly from each other, es- pecially in regard to the punctuation. See De Rossi, Uizionurio storico deyli autori Ebrei, and his Meor. Eniijim, iii, cap. xlv, p. 233 6, sq. (Vienna, 1829) ; Si- mon, Hist, critiq. du Vieux Testam. lib. ii. ch. xviii ; Eich- horn, Einkituuy in's Alte Testament (2d ed.), i, 168 sq.; Wolf, Biblioth. Hebrcea, ii, lib. vi, ch. ii ; Landau, Rab.- aram.-deutsch. WOrterb. i, 11-10, 30-39; Schonfelder, Onkelos u. Peschitho (Munich, 1809, 8vo) ; Zunz, Die Gottesdiaistl. Vortrdge der Jnden, p. 01 sq. ; Anger, De Onkeloso (Leips. 1846); Griitz, Gesch. d. Juden, iv, 124 sq., 508 sq.; Herzfeld, Gesch. d. Volkes Israel, ii, 61 sq., 551 sq., 609; Jost, CrV«c/(. d. Judenthums, ii, 52 sq. ; and the excellent article by (iinsbnrg in Kitto, vol. ii, s.v., Avhich we have freely used.
Only-begotten (/^ofoyt v/;c, from fwroQ, only, and ylvofiai, to be boni), an epithet of Jesus Clirist, expres- sive of his peculiar relation to the (Jodhead (John i. 14, etc.). The term properly means an only child (Luke Tii, 12). See Son of God.
O'no (Heb. Ono', isiX [Neh. vii, 37, irxj, strong ;
Sept. 'Qi'M, but 'Qi'wi' in Neh. vii, 37, v. r. 'Qi'dv; and Ai'Aa'/t V. r. 'Ai'dfi in Chron.), the name of a city of the tribe of Dan, and perhaps originally that of its founder. It does not appear in the catalogues of the book of Joshua, but is first found in 1 Chron. viii, 12, where Shamed or Shamer is said to have built Ono and Lod with their "daughter villages." It was therefore prob- ably annexed by tlie Benjamites subsequently to theit original settlement, like Aijalon, which was allotted to Dan, but is found afterwards in the hands of the Ben- jamites (1 Chron. viii, 13). The tradition of the Tal- mudists is that it was left intact by Joshua, but burned during the war of (iibeah (Judges xx, 48), and that 1 Chron. viii, 12 describes its restoration. (See Targum on this latter passage.) The men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, to the number of 725 (or Neh. 721), returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel (Ezra ii, 33; Neh. vii, 37; see also 1 Esdr. v, 22). A valley (rt"~3) was at- tached to the town, and bore its name, " the plain of Ono" (Neh. vi, 2), perhaps identical with the " valley of craftsmen" (Neh. xi, 50) ; and in any case a part or extension of the vale of Sharon. By Eusebius and Jerome Ono is not named. The rabbins frequently mention it, but without any indication of its position further than that it was three miles from Lod. (See the citations from the Talmud in Lightfoot [Ckor. De- cad on tS. Mark, ch. ix, § 3] and Schwarz {^Palest, p. 135]). A village called Kefr 'Ana is enumerated by Robinson among the places in the districts of Ramleh and Lydd {Bib. Res. iii, 1st ed. App. 120. 121). This village, almost due north of Ludd, is suggested by Van de Velde {Memoir, p. 337) as identical with Ono. Against tlie identification are the difference in the names — the modern one containing the letter Ain — and the distance from Lydda. which, instead of being three milHaria, is fully five, being more than four Eng- lish miles, according to Van de Velde's map. These difficulties, however, do not seem insuperable objec- tions. Winer remarks that Beit Unia is more suitable as far as its orthography is concerned; but on the other hand it is much too far distant from Ludd to meet the requirements of the passages quoted above.