Oral Confession (confessio oris). See Penitence.
Oral Law. See Tradition.
Oral Mauducation. See Lord's Supper; Sac- rament.
Orale (from ora, a stripe), or Fanon, an ornament of the pope, introduced by pope Innocent HI (cir. 1200) as a substitute for the amict, which then began to be
ORANDI DISCIPLINA 397 ORANGE (RIVER) FREE STATE
worn inside the alb. It is of thiu silk, striped in four colors, and edged with gold lace, and worn double, the inner part serving as a tippet over the alb, and the duplicate being laid on the pope's head until after the chasuble is put on, and then turned over the back, chest, and shoulders. See Walcott, Sacred A rchmolo(jy, p. 410.
Orandi Disciplina. See Penance.
Orange, Council of {Concilium Arausicanum), (1), an ecclesiastical gathering which convened on Nov. 8, 441, at Orange, a city of Provence, France; was pre- sided over by St. Hilary of Aries, and was attended by seventeen bishops, from three Gaulish provinces, among them Eucherius of Lj'ons, Ingenius of Embrun, Claudius (bishopric unknown), and Maximus of Riez. Thirty canons were published, substantially as follows :
"1. Declares that priests may, in the bishop's absence, confirm (by administering the holy chrism and the bless- ing) heretics, who, being in danger of death, desire to be reconciled.
"2. Directs that ministers when about to baptize shall have the chrism ready, with which they shall anoint the neophytes immediately after baptism, according to their custom of only anointins; with the chrism once. That if any one by chance shall not have been anointed with the chrism of baptism, it shall be made known to the bishop at conliiination, but not as being absolutely necessary, since, there being but one benediction of the chrism, that which is given to the baptized person at contirmatiou is sufficient. See Cubism.
"3. Directs that penitents wheu dangerously ill shall be received to communion without the imposition of hands; that if they survive they shall remain in a state of penance until, having fully accomplished it, they may rightly receive the communion after reconciliation by im- position of hands.
"4. Directs that penance be permitted to those clerks who desire it.
"5. Forbids to deliver up criminals who have taken refuge in a church.
"6. Excommunicates those who seize upon the slaves of the clergy in the place of their own, who have taken sanctuary in the church.
"7. Excommunicates those who treat persons set free by the Church as slaves.
"S. Forbids a bishop to ordain any one living in an- other diocese.
"9. Directs that if a bishop shall desire to ordain per- sons belonging to another Church, of irreproachable char- acter, he shall either bring them to live in his own Church, or obtain leave of their own bishop.
"10. Directs that where a bishop has built a church within the territory of another bishop with the latter's permission, he shall suffer him to consecrate it, and the bishop of the place shall on his part grant to the bishop who built the church the right of ordaining, as clerks to serve it, such persons as the bishop of the place shall present to him, or of approving his choice if they be al- ready ordained.
"11. Forbids bishops to receive persons excommuni- cated by their own bishop until they are reconciled.
"12. Directs that persons suddenly deprived of the power of speech shall be reconciled or baptized if they give, or shall have given beforehand, a sign that they wish it.
"13. Directs that all pious offices ('qurecumque pieta- tis sunt') be performed towards insensible persons.
"14. Directs that tlie communion shall be given to bap- tized euergumeus, who do all in their power to become healed, and who follow obediently the counsels of the clergy, because the virtue of the sacrament may strength- en them against the attacks of the devil and purify them.
"1.5. Directs that in cases of necessity holy baptism may be administered to energumens.
" 10. Forbids to ordain those who have been openly possessed by an evil spirit, and deprives of all their func- tions those who become so after ordination.
''IT. Directs that the chalice be offered with the 'cap- sn,' aud be consecrated with the eucharistical mixture ('cum capsa et calix offerendus est et admixtione eucha- ristife coiisecrandus").
"IS. Orders that ihenceforwards in all the churches of the province the Gospel should be read to the cate- chumens.
II 19. Forbids catechumens to enter the baptistery. _ '20. Forbids to suffer catechumens to receive the bless- ing with the faithful, even in family prayers, and directs that they be warned to come separately for the blessing, and to receive the sign of the cross.
"21. Enacts that in the case of two bishops only con- secrating a bishop, without the participation of the other bishops of the province, if the bishop was consecrated against his own will he shall be put into the place of one ot the consecrating bishops, and some one consecrated to lUl the place of the latter; but if his consecration was
done with his own free consent, he shall be deposed, as well as the two consecrating bishops.
" 22. Declares that in future married men shall not be or- dained deacons, except they will make a vow of chastity.
"23. Directs that married deacons who will not live in a state of continence be deprived (comp. Lea, Hist, of Sacerdotal Celibacy, p. 79).