Parswanatha is the name of the twenty-third of the deilied saints of the Jainas in the present fera. Par- swanatha and JIahavira, the twenty-fourth, are greatly revered, especially in Hindostan. In a suburb of Be- nares, called Belupura, there is a temple honored as the birthplace of Parswanatha. See Jainas.
Partake, to receive a share. The saints are pa?-- talcers of fl'krist and of the heavenly calling. By re- ceiving Jesus Christ and his Spirit into their hearts, they possess them and their blessings and intiuences as their own, and are effectually called to the heavenly glory (Ileb. iii, 1-14; vi, 4), They are paitakeis of God's promises and bcnetits ; they have an interest in all the promises, and shall receive every blessing therein contained (Eph. iii, 6 ; 1 Tim. vi, 2). They are par- takers (fthe dicine nature, and of Christ's holiness, v:hen, through union with Christ and fellowship with him in his righteousness and spirit, their nature is conformed to Christ (2 Pet. i, 4). Thoy paiiake of Christ's suffei-- ings, and of the afflictions of the Gospel, when they are persecuted for their adherence to the truth and exam- ple of Christ (1 Pet. iv, 13; 2 Cor. i, 7 ; 2 Tim. i, 8). 'Yhcy pai'talce of the grace of Paul, and other ministers, when they receive spiritual edification from their min- istry (I'hil. i, 7), Hj'pocrites sxa partakers of the Holy Gliost. Some of them in the apostolic age enjoyed his miraculous gifts and operations ; and in every age they receive such convictions, or other intiuences, as are sep- arable from a state of grace (Heb. vi, 4). Men become pai'takers in other men's sins by contriving, consent- ing, inclining to, rejoicing in, assisting to commit, or sharing the profits or pleasures of their sin ; or by occa- sioning them by an evil example, or offensive use of things indifferent; by provoking or temi>ting to, or not doing all we can to hinder their sin ; or by commanding, exciting, or hirhig men to sin; or by defending, exten- uating, or commending their sin; by neglecting to re- prove, and promote the proper punishment of sin; and by not mourning over and praying against sin (Rev. xviii, 4; Eph. v, 11),— Brown.
Parthenai (or Parthenay), Anne de, an ac- complished and ])ious lady, the wife of Anthony de Pons, count of Marenncs, was duchess of Ferrara. ilaughter of
Louis XII, and one of the brightest ornaments of the court of Renee de France. She was a protectress of learning, and was herself, on account of her abilities and accomplishments, the delight of everj' society into which she entered. She understood Greek and Latin, and took great pleasure in conversing with theologians and reading the Scriptures, which induced her to turn Protestant, and to give succor to the Reformed cause. — Betham.
Parthenay, Jean de, lord of Soidrise, a heroic leader among the Protestants of France, was descended from an ancient Romish family of his name, and was bom about 1512. He chose the profession of arms, and liav- ing distinguished himself in it, was appointed to com- mand Henry II's troops in Italy about 1550. Before he left Italy he imbibed the sentiments of the Reformed religion at the court of Ferrara, under the auspices of Renee. After his return to France lord Soubise applied himself with extraordinary zeal to propagate his prin- ciples in the town and neighborhood of Soubise, and he succeeded so well that in a little time the mass was for- saken all about the place by a great part of the peo[)le. He also held frequent conferences with Catharine de Medicis, queen-mother of Henry III, who became in her heart his proselyte, though she had not courage enough to declare it openly; and the duchess of Montpensier, who was always present at these conferences, was so much wrought upon by Soubise's discourse that she de- sired on her death-bed to have the sacrament adminis- tered to her according to the Calvinistical form. The queen-mother, when she came to be regent of the king- dom during the infancy of Charles IX, appointed Par- thenay gentleman of the chamber to the young mon- arch in 1561; and he was likewise created a knight of the order of the Holy Ghost. The same year the prince of Conde, the head of the Huguenot party, was also set at libertj' : and in the very beginning of the religious war that prince, looking on the large city of Lyons, which had declared for the Protestant cause, as not in safe hands under the baron D'Adret, appointed Soubise to that important command in 1502; and he answered fully all the expectations which the prince had con- ceived of him. He performed a hundred bold actions there, and resolutely kept the city, defending it effec- tually against all difficulties both Irom force and artifice. The duke of Nevers besieged it to no purpose, and the queen-mother attempted in vain to overreach him by negotiations. He persevered in maintaining and pro- moting the Protestant cause with unabated ardor till his death in 1566, when he was about fifty-four. His wife, Antoinette Bouchard, eldest daughter of the house of Aubeterre, is also noted as a most devoted advocate of the Protestant cause.
Parthenia, a surname otAi-temis (Diana), and also oi Hera (.luiui).
Parthenius, an Eastern prelate, flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He was successor to Cyrill Luear (q. v.) in the patriarchate of Constanti- nople. Parthenius was a man of unusual mental pow- ers, and in his position held remarkable sway. Not onlj- in the East, but also in Russia his influence was felt. Opposed to all reformatory inroads, he freed the Church from Calvinistic doctrinal tendencies, as well as everything that betrayed the influence of Protestant ideas. He was also the principal promoter of the 'Op- ^dcoSof o/'oXoyirt, wliich the Russian orthodox metro- politan Peter ^logilas (q. v.) prepared, and which in the synod at Jerusalem in 1072 was ado])ted as the ])rincipal confession of the whole Greek Church. Par- thenius died very near the close of tlie 17tli century. See Neale, Hist, of the Eastern Church (patriarchate of Constantinople).