Patara. See Alms-bowl.
Patarenes or Patareni, a name used in Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries as a general appel- lation to denote sects contending against the dominant
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Church and clergy. Different opinions have been entertained in regard to the origin of the name, some believing that it is derived from a certain place called Patara, where the heretics, as they were considered, held tlieir meetings. The word Pdtaria (q. v.), how- ever, in the dialect of Jlilan, signified a popular faction ; and as tlie sects in question were generally held in fa- vor with the common people, it must be that the name was applied in derision by the aristocracy. It may also have been used because, after the contest be- tween the Pataria at Milan and the clergy, the term implied in general a spirit of hostility to the priest- hood. The name of Tisserands originated from the circumstance that many of their adherents were weav- ers bj^ trade. The common characteristic of all these sects was opposition to the clergy and the hierarchy. They differed in the extent to which, and the grounds on which, the}' opposed the prevailing ecclesiasticism, and attempted to set up a Cluirch of their own. The Patareni should be especiallj' recognised as the Italian Manicha;ans, who were condemned by the Lateran Council of A.D. 1179. As in the East, so in the West, Gnostic speculations had in all probability continued to exist, though bj- secret tradition. In point of fact, ■we know that the Vandals had transported shiploads of Manichaeans to the shores of Italj', while the Pris- cillianists openly avowed their tenets in Spain as late as the 7th centurj% Probabh-, however, the move- ment issued again from the East, in all likelihood from Bulgaria, where, since the ti]iie when the Paulicians had ' settled in that district, Gnostic and Jlanichcean views were widely entertained and zealously propagated. Even the names of these sects prove the correctness of this assertion. The most general designation was that of Cathari (Ka^apoi) ; but they were also called Bulgari (whence, in popular parlance, the opprobrious name Bougre) or Gazari, perhaps after the inhabitants of tlie Crimea (the Chazars), or else a different mode of pronouncing the word Kci^apol, and Publicani, prolialily a transposition by which the foreign term of Paulicians was converted into a well-known term of reproach. The Ditchobortzi (q. v.) of Russia are by Krasinski conjecturally referred to the Patarenes, who existed in Russia also to the middle of the 18th Cen- tura'. See iSIosheim, /.cc/es. //«'s<. ii, 33; Neander, CA. Ilisi. vol. V ; Hardouin, Concilia, vii, 1G3 ; Hai'dwick, Church Hist, of the Middle Ages, p. 204, 805.
Patareus, a surname of Apollo, derived from the town of Patara, in Lycia, where he had an oracle.
Pataria of Milan. Among the Lombard clergy simony, concubinage, and marriage of priests were ver}' common. Accordingly the changes introduced by Hildebrand met with most strenuous resistance from them. The opposition was headed by archbishop Guido of Milan, whom Henry III had, in 1046, ap- pointed to that diocese. Guido was supported i)y the nobility and clergy. But two deacons, Ariald and Landulf Cotta, organized a conspiracy among the common people, which their opponents, by way of de- rision, designated pataria, paleriid (i. e. blackguards). The papal party adopted this name, and began a war- fare against married priests, which for thirty years led to continual scenes of violence and bloodshed. See Giesebrecht, Deutsche Gesck. vol. iii, pt. i ; Hefele, Con- dliengesch. vol. iv and v ; Lea, Hist, of Sacerdotal Cel- ibacji ; Alzog (Rom. Cath.), Kirchengesch. ; Baxmann, Gcsck. der Politik der Piipsle, vol. ii. (J. H. W.)
Patch (e7r('/3Xr)/ua, something p?/<o«, "piece, "'Matt. ix, 10 ; Mark ii, 21 ; Luke v, 3G), taken Qorn off, from piiyi'i'/ii) from a fragment or remnant (paKoc, literally rag, " cloth") of new material, to mend a rent in a garment. See Sew.
Patella, a surname of Ops (Plenty), as opening the stems of the corn-plant, that the ears might sprout out.
Patellarii Dii, a name sometimes given among the ancient Romans to tlic Lares, because offerings were made to them in patelke, or dishes.
Paten (Lat. patina, " a dish") is the name of a small plate, or salver, used for the elements of the bread in the celebration of the Eucharist. It was so formed in ancient times as to (it the chalice (q. v.) or cup as a cover, and was in- vented liy pope Zephyri- nus. While the practice of the Oll'ertorj' (q. v.) con- tinued, there was a special paten for the bread- offer- ing. In the Roman Cath- olic Church, in which the Pateu,Chiche»tei Cathedral, unleavened wafer-bread is
used, and the communion is distributed from a dis- tinct vessel called Pyx (q. v.), the paten is a small circular plate, alwaj's of the same material with the chalice. It is most commonly made of gold or silver, and is often richly cliased or carved, and studded with precious stones. In some places the deacon, after the Lord's Prayer, having received the paten from the subdeacon, lifts it up so as to be seen by the people, in order to notify the congregation that the communion is about to commence. In the Greek Church it stands on the left of the clialice. Besides the altar-patens, there were (1) ministerial, of larger size, for containing the bread given to the people; (2) chrismal, hollow in shape, and used for containing chrism fur baptismal confirmation ; (3) ornamental, with carvings and symbolical images, set on altars as decorations. The word is retained in the Prayer- book of the English Episcopal Church, the (Ameri- can) Protestant Episcopal Church, and the Reformed Episcopal Church. The Lutherans also retain the name.