Among the older travellers who have visited Pat- mos we may especially mention Tournefort and Po- cocke, and later Dr. Clarke and Prof. Carlisle. See also Turner, Journal of a Tour, iii, 98-101 ; Schubert, Reise ins Morgenland, i, 421-434 ; Walpole, Turkey, ii, 43 ; and Stanley, Sermons in the E ist, p. 225. Ross visited it in 1841, and describes it at length (Reisen avf den griechischen Inselii des dgaischen Meeres, ii, 123-139), Guerin, some years later, spent a month there, and en- ters into more detail, especially as regards ecclesiastical antiquities and traditions {Descri/itioii de V lie de Patmos et de Vile de Samos [Paris, 1856], p. 1-120).
The Island of Patmos.
PATORNAY
768
PATRIARCH
Patoniay, Leonard, a French Josuit, was born in Salins in 1569. lie joined tlie Jesuits at the a.^u of seventeen, and for several ^ears taught theolof^y and the Hoiy Scriptures in different houses of liis order. A skilful controvertist, he opposed the Lutheran her- esy, and cardinal Kiclielieu, who esteemed his talent, several times employed him to reply to the ministers of the Keformed doctrine. Patornaj' died at Besan- (jon in 1639. He published, under a fictitious name, Declarationes aVquce mrdtorum dediictoruin ad Ecdesue casira. See Backer, Biblioth. des Ecriv. de la Comp. de Jesus, s. V. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene-rule, xxxix, 336.
Patoniay, Philippe, a French prelate, was born at Salins in 1503. He joined the Order of Minims in 1611, and, after liaving taught philosophy and theol- ogy, devoted himself to preaching. His success in the pulpit caused him to be chosen bj' Ferdinand de Rye, archbishop of Besan(7on, for one of his sufiragans, who consecrated him in 1632, under the title of Bishop of Nicopolis. He continued the same duties under the archbishops Francis de Rye and Claude d'Acher}'. He died at Besancon Aug. 1, 1639. This prelate, versed in ancient languages, onl\- published some Theses upon theolog\', and left in manuscript several Sermons and an Abrege des Controverses of cardinal Bellarmine. See Dunod, Hist, de lEglise de Besan^on. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xxxix, 336.
Patouillet, Louis, a French Jesuit, was born at Dijon, March 31, 1699. His studies were finished in the College of Dijon, where he had father Oudin among his teacliers. He was admitted into the Order of the Jesuits, taught philosophy at Laon, and devoted him- self at the same time to preaching. After several 3'ears, being recalled to Paris, he retired to the mon- astery, and took an active part in the religious quar- rels of the time. From 173-1 to 1748 he was one of the principal editors of the Supplement aux Xouvelles ecclesiastlques. which the Jesuits opposed to the publi- cation of the Gazette Jaiiseni<te. The most of the ar- ticles written by him upon the refusal of the sacra-
Besancon). See Lettres edifiantes, torn, vi (ed. Du J. Qufsbeuf) ; Feller, Diet. IJiit. ; De Backer freres, Blbl. des Ecriv. de la Comp. de Jesus. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxix, 336.
Patres (Lat. ior fathers) is a transfer of the Orien- tal idiom l>3' which every teacher or governor is respect- fulh' entitled ahba, father. The officers of the early Church were termed Patres Ecclesim or Patres Cleri- corum. Presbj-ters were called Pains Laicorum, and sim\)\y jnitres. Thus the name papa, pope, is a term of reverence and aflectipn, corresponding to d/3/3a, TTUTm-ag. This title of papa was first given to the bishop of Alexandria, and the first bishop of Rome who assumed it in any public document was Siricius, A.D. 384. It was not, however, employed officially until the time of Leo the Great ; and it was afterwards applied exclusively to the bishop of Rome, according to an order of Gregory the Great. Tliis ancient title was attributed to all bishops alike until about the 6th century. Jerome, for example, in writing to Augus- tine, salutes him as Domine vere sancte ei bealissime {Ep. 94) ; and he gives the same title to other bishops. The bishop of Constantinople was anciently called in'bis papa; and the bishop of Rome, in like manner, urbis pupa, or liomawe urbis p'pa, and simply pripa. The title continued in general use through the 5th and Cth centuries. It was also frequently applied to the pri- mites (q. v.) of the Christian Church in Africa; and there was a peculiar reason for giving them this name, as the primacy in the African churches was not attached, as in other places, to the civil metropolis, but went along with the oldest bishop of the province, who suc- ceeded to tills dignity hy virtue of his seniority, in what- ever iilace he lived. The only exception to this was the Church at Carthage, where the bishop was a fixed and standing metropolitan for the province of Africa, pioperly so called. The term patres was also applied to the fathers of the monasteries, as Jerome and Au- gustine called them. See Father.
Patres Patrum (Lat. for Fathers of the Fathers),
ments or for the defence of his order appeared anon}'- a designation sometimes given to bishops in the an- mously, and it is diflScult to distinguish exactlj- those cient Christian Church. Gregory of Nyssa was called
that belong to him. The ardor with which he es- poused the cause of M. de Beaumont against the par- liaments drew upon himself, in 17oG, the order to leave Paris. He lived some time with M. de la Mothe, bishop of Amiens, tiien with JI. Banyn, bishop of Usez, both strongh" attached to his society, and final- ly retired to Avignon. Patouillet was, as well as father Nounotte, a butt to the continual sarcasms of Voltaire, which he had provoked by the unskilful- ness and virulence of his attacks against the philos- ophers. He died at Avignon in 1779. We have of his works. Poesies sur le viariage du Roi (17'25) : — Cartouche, ou le sceleraf ju.-itijie par la grace du P. Ques- nel (La Haj'e, 1731, 8vo) : — Vie de Pelage (1551, 12mo) : — Diciionnaire des litres Jansenistes (by P. de Colonia), a new and enlarged edition (Antwerp, 1752, 4 vols. 12mo); this work, in which the accusation of Jansen- ism is carried to excess, was forbidden at Rome in 1754 ; father Rulie has given a refutation of it -.—La progr'es duJansenisme (Quilva, 1753, 12mo) : — Hisioire duPeliigianisme (Avignon, 1763 or 1767, 2 vols. 12mo), dedicated to pope Clement XIII. This Jesuit, charged witli continuing the collection oi Lettres edf antes after the death of father Halde, published vols, xxiii, xxiv, xxvii, and xxviii; v(d. xxxi, which he had prepared, was publislied l)y father ^Marechal.