Peabody, Oliver, a Congregational minister, was born in 1698 at Boxford, JMass. He graduated at Har- vard College in 1721, and was immediately employed by the commissioners for propagating the Gospel to preach at Natick (1721). There were then but two families of white people in the town. The Indian Church, which the apostolic Eliot had founded, was now extinct, the Indian preacher, Tahhowompait, having died in 1716; and all records were lost. A new Church was formed, Dec. 3, 1729, consisting of three Indians and five white persons, and Peabody was ordained at Cam- bridge, Dec. 17. Through his influence many of the Indians were induced to abandon savage life, and to attend to husbandry as the means of subsistence. He had the happiness of seeing many of the Indian families with comfortable houses, cultivated fields, and flourish- ing orchards. But his chief aim was to teach them the religion of Jesus Christ. There were added to the Church in the first year twenty-two persons, several of whom were Indians; in July, 1743, he stated that in the two preceding years about fifty had been received into the Church. Against the vice of intemperance among the Indians he set himself with great zeal and much success. Altogether during his residence at Na- tick he baptized one hundred and eighty-nine Indians and four hundred and twenty-two whites; and he re- ceived into the Church thirty-five Indians and thirty whites; and there died two hundred and fifty-six In- dians, one of whom was a hundred and ten years old. During one season he went on a mission to the Mohi- cans. He died in great peace, Feb. 2, 1752. Mr. Pea- body was eminently pious, and greatly beloved and lamented. He published A rt'dlery Election Sermon (1732) : — Oh a Good tnid Had Hope of Salvutimi (1742). See Panoplist, vii, 49-56; Allen, Amer, Biogr. s. v.; Sprague, Annuls of the American Pulpit, i, 318.
Peabody, William Bourn Oliver, D.D., a Unitarian clergyman, was born at Exeter, N. H., July 9, 1799. He entered Harvard L^niversify in 1S13, and after graduation also studied theology at Cambritige.
He was ordained to preach in Springliekl Oct. 12, 1820. He was a preacher of so-called liberal doctrines, but he avoided controversy, and sought only to do good. In 1823 he published a Poetical Catechism for the Young. Several pieces were subjoined to this catechism, in- cluding the hymn found in some of our principal col- lections entitled ,4 utumn Ecenim; — " Behold the west- ern evening sky." Dr. Peabody's tastes extended over a wide field, including poetry, biography, theology, and natural history. In 1839 he supplied the account of the birds in the report of the survey of the State of Massachusetts. Besides biographical review articles, he wrote several lives in Jared Sparks's " American Bi- ography." He died May 28,1847. See Christian f-^xam- iner, xlvi, 129 ; Wilson, in Sparks, A mer. Biogr. (S. S.)
Peace. The Hebrew word ai^n, shalom, usually translated peace, means, properly, health, prosperity, wel- fare. It is the same as the suldm of the modern Arabs, and is in like manner used in salutations (q. v.). The Greek tipi'ivr), from having been frequently used as a rendering of the Heb. word, naturally passed over in the same sense into the N. T.
Accordingly '■•peac^' is a word used in Scripture in different senses. Generally it denotes quiet and tran- quillity, public or private; but often prosperity and happiness of life ; as to " go in peace ;" to '• die in peace;" "God give you peace;" '-Peace be within this house ;" " Pray for the peace of Jerusalem." Paul in the titles of his Epistles generally wishes grace and peace to the faithful, to whom he writes. Our Saviour recommends to his disciples to have peace with all men, and with each other. God promises his people to water them as with a river of peace (Isa. Ixvi, 12), and to make with them a covenant of peace (Ezek. xxxiv, 25). — Calmet.
Peace, properly, is that state of mind in which per- sons are exposed to no open violence to interrupt their tranquillity. 1. Social peace is mutual agreement one with another, whereby we forbear injuring one another (Psa. xxxiv, 14 ; cxxxii). 2. Ecclesiastical peace is freedom from contentions, and rest from persecutions (Isa. xi, 13 ; xxxii, 17 ; Rev. xii, 14). 3. Spiritual peace is deliverance from sin, by which we were at enmity with God (Kom. V, 1); the result is peace in the con- science (Heb. X, 22). This peace is the gift of God through Jesus Christ (2 Thess. iii, 16). It is a blessing of great importance (Psa. cxix, 165). It is denominated perfect (Isa. xxvi, 3) ; inexpressible (Phil, iv, 7) ; per- manent (Job xxxiv, 29; John xvi, 22); eternal (Isa. Ivii, 2 ; Heb. iv, 9).— Buck. Sec HArriNESs.
Peace of Gou. See Pax.
Peace, Kiss of. See Kiss.
Peace-offering (fully, ti"'';^'r "51, also simply C"! wbd [but this sometimes in a singular sense, as Ezek. xlv, 15; comp. Lev. vii, 14; ix, 22, etc.], once merely the sing. D^b, Amos v, 22 ; Sept. usually t'lpriviKt) \^v- (Tirt], also (Tioriipiov or Srvoia atiiT^piov ; Vulg. victima pacifica, or simply pacifcum'), a voluntary sacrifice of- fered by the pious Jews in token of gratitude --^At^ii- offering (hence Josephus calls it X'"'p"^'''/P'<'e [Bviria'], Ant. iii, 9, 1 sq. ; comp. xix, 6, 1). These sacrifices, which are often mentioned in connection with burnt- offerings (Exod. XX, 24 ; xxiv, 5 ; Lev. iii, 5 ; Josh, viii, 31; 1 kings iii, 15, etc.), consisted of spotless (yet see Lev. xxii, 23) neat or small cattle of either sex (Lev. iii, 1,6; ix, 4, 18; xxii, 21 ; xxlii, 19; see Joseph. .4 «/. iii, 9, 2 ; comp. Exod. xxiv, 5 ; 1 Kings viii, 63), and were offered, along with meat-offerings and drink-ofTer- ings (in the same manner as burnt-offerings), either by individuals or in the name of the people. The latteJ was customary on occasions of festive inauguration (Exod. xxiv, 5; 2 Sam. vi, 17 sq. ; 1 Kings viii, 63; Ezek. xliii, 27 ; comp. 1 Mace, iv, 56) ; on the election of kings (1 Sam. xi, 15); and upon the fortunate issue of important enterprises (Deut. xxvii, 7 ; Josh, viii, 31) ;