Penn, Granville, youngest son of the Hon. Thom- as Penn (son of the founder of Pennsylvania) by lady Juliana Fermor, fourth daughter of Thomas, first earl of Pomfret, was born in 1701. He was for some time an assistant chief clerk in the War Department, for which he received a pension of £550, and succeeded to the family estates upon the death of his brother, John Penn, LL.D. Granville Penn has conferred an inesti- mable service on the Church by his learned and valu- able contributions (extending over a period of about thirty years) to theological literature. He died in 1844. We quote of his works : Critical Remarhs on Isaiah vii, IS (Lond. 1799, 4to) : — Remarls on the Eastern Origi- nation of JManHud, and of the A rts of Cultivated Life (1799, 4to) : — Three Copies of his Greelc Version of the In- scription on the Stone from Egypt [Rosetta, etc.] (1802, 8vo) : — Obserrations in Illustration of YirgiVs Fourth Eclogue (1810, 8vo): — A Chj-istian's Surrey of all the PriHcip)al Events and Periods of the World (2d ed. 1812, 8vo) : — The Bioscope, or the Dial of Life Erj^lained (1814, sm. 8vo) : — The Propihecy of Ezeliel concerning Gog, etc. (1814, 8vo) : — Original Lines and Translations (1815, 8vo) : — Institutes of Christian Perfection of Ma- carius, translated from the Greek (18 10, sm. 8vo; 2d ed. 1828, 12mo) : — An Examination of the Primai'y Ar- gument of the Iliad (1821, 8vo) : — A Comparative Esti- mate of the Minei-al and Mosaical Geologies (1822, 8vo; suppl. 1823, 8vo; 2d ed. [of the whole] revised and en- larged with relation to the latest publications on Geol- ogy, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo ; again, 1844, 2 vols, in one, 8vo) : — Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn,' knight, etc., 1044-1070 (1833, 2 vols. 8vo) : — The Book of the A'ew Covenaiit of our Lord and Sav- iour Jesus Christ; being a Critical Revision of the Text and Translation of the English Version of the New Tes- tament, u'ith the aid of most ancient Manuscripts un- known to the Age in ivhich thai Version was jmt foi-th by Authority (1830, 8vo) : — Annotations to the Book of the New Covenant, etc. (1837, 8vo) : — Supplemental Annota- tions to the Book of the New Covenant, with a Brief Ex- posure of the AStrictui-es of the Theologiccd Reviewer for July (1837, 1838, 8vo). See Lond. Lit. Gaz. Jan. '28, 1837 ; Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uth. ii, 1650.
Penn, James, was a theologian who flourished in the ]8tli century, first as under grammar- master of Christ Church Hospital, and afterwards as vicar of Clavering-cum-Langley, Essex. He publislied several works on theology, but there is not much valuable in- terpretation of the Scriptures, and far too large a por- tion of controversial spirit. We quote of his works: Various Tracts (Lond. 1756, 8vo), theological : — Vari- ous Tracts (1702, 8vo), theological : — Three Sermons (1709, 8vo) : — Sermons and Tracts (1777, 8vo). He also published a number of occasional sermons, etc. See Orme, BiM. Bib.; Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A me?: A uth. ii, 1551.
PENN
894
PENN
Penn, John, an English divine, was born in 1743. He tioiirislK'il as vicar of Kougliton, Norfolk, and subse- quently »if Ht'cc'les, where he died in 1814. He pub- lished .Sermons on Various Subjects (1792, 2 vols. 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and Aine?: Auth. ii, 1551.
Penn, William, conspicuous as a leader of a Chris- tian sect, pliilautliropist, founder and legislator of a col- ony wbicli has expanded into the second state of the American Union, was born in London, England, Oct. 14, Itill. He was the son of Sir William Penn, a gentle- man of Welsh descent, who, tirst as a captain, then as an admiral in the British navy, by several victories at sea and the capture of Jamaica, greatly contributed towards ihe English maritime ascendency over the Dutch, and stood in high favor with court and country. His moth- er, Margaret, was the daughter of John Jasper, a Rot- terdam merchant, an amiable, sensible woman. Young William was started to a careful education befitting his rank at the school of Chigwell, Essex, and, duly pre- pared, in his fifteenth year entered the college of Christ's Church, Oxford. He is described as from his earliest youth remarkable for an amiable disposition, docility, and uncommon aptitude, beauty in person, and alto- gether a harmonious development of faculties — physi- cal, intellectual, and moral. He advanced rapidly in his studies, and cultivated the acquaintance of those class- mates who were most distinguished for learning and good conduct ; among their number was .John Locke (q. v.). Enjoying excellent health and strength, he en- gaged also and delighted in athletic exercises — sports of the leisure hours — such as fencing, shooting, boating. On the whole, he bade fair to make a career to distinction such as his ambitious father had in view, and most au- spicious circumstances made easy to realize. This pros- pect, however, was suddeidy changed in an unexpected manner, and the youth thrown into a train of thoughts much at variance with the usual pursuit of honor and glory. With other students, he attended a meeting of the society then lately formed by the agitation of George Fox (q. v.). The speaker on this occasion was Thomas Lee, who had former^ belonged to the university. His discourse made a deep impression on Penn, reviving certain religious ideas which, as he confessed, had seri- ousiy occupied his mind when he was only twelve years old. Some of his classmates were equally affected. In consequence they ceased to attend the worship of the Established (Episcopal) Church, as running into ritu- alism and formality, and held conventicles of their own, where they exhorted and prayed and discussed theological topics. Reprimanded and fined for "non- conformity," they nevertheless persisted in their pro- ceedings; they went even farther. When the students ■were enjoined to wear again the surplice, which had been abolished since the Reformation, they (the con- venticlers) not only refused compliance with the royal order, but fell upon those who appeared in the hateful popish garment. Hence the severest punishment which the college authorities could indict was pronounced against the refractory pupils. Among those thus ex- pelled from the college was Penn. The feelings of the admiral can easily be imagined. William's reception at home was not the most cordial. Highly incensed at the views and actions of his son, on whom he otherwise doted, he first tried remonstrances, then threats, at last even bodily chastisement, to induce a change of senti- ment and conduct ; but in vain. He concluded by stern- ly interdicting the paternal roof. Young William, al- though strongly attached to his father, who was hot- headed and liasty, Ijut kindly at heart, bore it gently, yet remained firm in his purpiisp and faith. After a while, by the intercession of lady I'eini, the admiral re- lented so far as to allow William to return home, and finally sent the youth travelling (1002) into France and Italy, in the hope that acquaintance with the world might divert and alter bis mind. During this tour, furnished with letters of introduction and his own ^ire- possessing exterior, he was well received in the brilliant