Gloucester Cathedral, cir. 1320.
Thornton Abbey, Liucolushire, cir. 1420.
KIB
6
RIBAS
ril)9 are sometimes ornamented with the characteristic ornament, tlie biill-tloirer.
In onlinary Perpcmlicitlar vaulting;, ribs are applied niiicli in the same way as in the preceding style, but ihev are sometimes employed in greater prolusion and in inore complicated arrangements, by which the effect is bv no means always improved, as at St. Mary IJed- cliffe Cliurch. Bristol. Iw/cm-tnicery vaulting the ribs radiate from the springing of each pendentive, and gen- erallv become multiplied as they rise upwards, so that tl\e whole surface is covered witli tracery, which is usu- allv enriched with featherings and other decorations.
Divinity School, tixI'.Md.
^lany churches, and some other ancient buildings, have raised ceilings, of wood or plaster, formed on the undersides of the timbers of the roof. A few of these, wliich are as old as the Decorated and Early English styles, are sparingly ornamented with small ribs; there is generally one along the top and others crossing it at considerable intervals. In some instances the ribs are more innnerous in both directions, so as to divide the surface into rectangular compartments, or jianels.
Wymington, Bedfordshire.
In the Perpendicular style ceilings of this kind are almost invarial)ly formed in C((H/s,which are divided into s(piares by small ribs with bosses, shields, or flowers at the intersections. Flat ceilings also, which are coinmon in this style, are frequently divided into sipiarcs, and sometimes into otlier patterns, by moulded ril)s. In tiie lime of ipieen Elizabeth and .James I, ril)s were much used on plaster ceilings, and were often arranged with consideralde intricacy: at this period the intersections were usually cither plain, or ornamented with small pendants. In 8<ime districts the purlins of a roof are called ril)s. — Parker, (Jloxsary of A rchitvcture, s. v.
i;[|{ ("Sli. tfiiti, (ien. ii, 21, 22, a side, as often ren- dered ; ( 'hald. "5^', Dan. vii, h), the part of Adam taken to form his wife ((Jen. ut sup.). See Evk.
In the expression "fifth rib" (2 Sam. ii, 23; iii, 27; iv, (i: XX, 10), the original has simply _/?/?A ("d"?n, chi'tmesh, "lifih fiart" in (ien. xlvii, 2(i).
Ribadeneira, Pkdro, a zealous .Jesuit, pupil of l.oyoln. and industrious writer, was born at Tolcchi, Nov. 1, l.")27. He was .sent to Home while yotnisr, and re- ceived by Loyola into his order in l.'J4(), before it had been confirmed by the pope. In l.'>)2 liibndencira re- moved to Paris for further studies in pliiloso|ihy and tlieology, and lliree years later to Padua, where he com- jiletcd liis studies. In 1549 he became teacher of rhet-
oric at Palermo. In 1552 he returned to Rome and lal)ored effectively for the instituting of the Collegium tiermanicum. Loyola sent him to Belgium in 1555, in order to promote the interests of .Jesuitism, more par- ticularly to secure permission of Piiilip II to introduce the order, lie succeeded in ids mission, and contributed by direct labors as a preacher at Louvain, and by defeml- ing the order against attacks of the Sorbonne, towards the realizing of that project. In 1559 he was appointed jira-posiliis of the Collegium (iermanicum, and in 15G0, after having taken the four vows of his ovdiir,pra'positiis for the province of Tuscany. In 15t)3 he was commis- sary of the order in Sicily, and afterwards assistant to tlie generals Lainez and Francis Borgia. He attended the second general assembly of his order as the repre- sentative of Sicily, and the third as the representative of Home, and subseipiently was made overseer of all tlie houses of the Jesuits in Home. Physical sufferings leil to liis return to Spain in 1584, and to the occupation of a writer in beiialf of his order as his chief work. He was engaged in collecting the materials for a work in- tended to describe the services of the Jesuits in Spain and India when he died, at Madrid, Oct. 1, 1611. His head was found in an uninjured state, it is said, as late as 1633. As a thinker, ISibadeneira was characterized b\' credulity; as a writer, by a diffuse story-telling style in the manner of the old legends, whence liis name was sarcastically transformed into Peter de Badiiieria. i. e. '"chatterer." His works were numerous, and are fully given in Zettler's large Uinrersal-Lexikon. They are ascetical or biographical in nature, though frequently devoted specitically to the interests of his order. We mention his /Ares of Ignatius de Loyo- la, Borgia, Lainez, and Saimeron : — the F/os Sdiic/oriiiii (transl. into English, 1669) — all in numerous editions: — the /Jist. du Schisme de /'.I lujleterre (Va- lencia, 1588) : — Le Prince Chretien, a defence against Machiavelli (Antw. 1597, etc.) : — Catalor/us Scriptoi-uin Soc. Jesu — a catalogue of Jesuit writ- ers, their provinces, colleges, houses, etc. (il)id. 1()08); also translations from Albert the (ireat and Augustine iiiio S|)anish. — Herzog, Reid-Encyklop. s. v. See Ai.EGAMBii.
Rib'ai (Heb. Eihni', "^2''";. plemhr
[with.Iehovah]; Sept,'P(/3aiVP>;/Sr(/l,
the father of Ittai, one of David's mighty men of the
tribe of Benjamin (2 Sam. xxiii, 29; 1 Chron. xi, 31).
B.C. ante 1020.
Ribalta, Fijancisco, an eminent Spanish painter, was born at Castellon de la Plana in 1551. He studied the works of Kaphael and Sebastian del Piombo in Home, and settled in Valencia. His design, color, and compo- sition are highly commended. Among his works are a Lii.i/ Slipper, a //"/// Famih/, and The Entombment of Christ. He died in" 1(^28.