Robinson, Hastings, D.D,, an English clergy- man, was born in 1793, graduated at Cambridge as six- teenth wrangler in 1815, and was felh)w of St. John's College from 1816 to 1827. He then took the college living of Great VVarley, Essex. In 1821 he was ap- pointed assistant tutor of his college, in 1823 Whitehall preacher, and in 1S36 select preacher before the univer- sity, honorary canon of Koehester, and rural dean. His death took place May 18, 1860. He published Euripi- dis Electra, Gr.emendavit et Annotationibns (Lond. roy- al 8vo): — Wpa^nQ twv' ATroaroXnjr, Acta Apostoloi-i/m (Cambridge, 1824, 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and Amer. A uihors, s. v.
Robinson, Hugh, D.D., an English clergyman, was born in St. Mary's jiarish, in the county of Anglesea. He was educated at AVinchester School, was admitted a probationer fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1603, and perpetual fellow in 1605. He completed his master's degree in 1611, and about three years after became chief master of Winchester School. He was after- wards archdeacon of Winchester, canon of Wells, and archdeacon of (Jlouccster. Having sided with the jiar- ty that was reducing the Church to the Presliyterian form, he lost the advantages of his can<inry and arch- deaconry, but obtained the rectory of Hinton, near Win- chester. He died March 30, 1655, and was buried in St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London. He wrote for the use of Winchester School, Preces ; Grammaticaiis quce- dam; Antiquce JHstoriie Synopsis (Oxford, 1816, 8vo), printed togellier: — Schohe Wintoniensis Phrases La- linm (Lond. 1654 and 1664): — Anmdes Mundi Unirer- sales, etc. (ibid. 1677, fol.). See Chalmers, /:^((;(/.Z'«V^s. v.
Robinson, Isaac, D.D., a Congregational minis- ter, was born at Hudson, N. H., in August, 1779. Hav- ing studied under his own minister, he commenced a course of classical and theological study with Kev. Keed Paige, of Hancock. He received a call to become pas- tor of tlie Church in Stoddard, Aug. 30, 1802, and, hav- ing accepted it, was ordained Jan. 5, 1803. Here he remained until the close of his ministry aiul life. Mr. Robinson contiiuied to labor with vigor until with- in a few weeks of his death, which occurred July 9, 18.54. He published, about 1809, a pamphlet in oppo- sition to LTuiversalism, a sermon on the Sujireme Jiirin- ify of Jesus tyirist, and others. See Sprague, A mtals of the A mer. Pulpit, ii, 4()3.
Robinson, John (h, pastor of the -'Pilgrim Fa- thers" of New England, was born in 1575. The Inde- pendents, as they were called, had their origin in a jiro- test, not against popish intolerance ai^d persecution, but against Protestant usurpation and bigotry connected with a persecution eipial in atrocity to the darkest pe- riod of papal domination; not in the dark ages, but in the bright and golden age of Henry VHI and good queen 15ess. While renouncing the siiiMcmacy of the pope and his title to hendsliip in the Church of Christ, the king assumed ecclesiastical supremacy, and tiie change was from priestcraft to kingcraft, both eternally incompatible with the teacliings of Clirist. A little hand whose consciences no chains could bind,an<l whose judgments no sojiliisins could pervert, rose up and mild- ly, but firmly, protested against such infringement of the rights of conscience aiul [>rivate juilgment, and,
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rather than submit to the same, suffered imprisonment, tDrtiirc, anil death. An attempt was made in 1G02 to seek ret'iiye in Holland, but the vile treacherj- on the part of the captain of the ship on which they were em- barked prevented. The next year, Robinson, the pas- tor of the little flock, made another eftort; but they were ajjain thwarted by untoward providences. Final- ly, a company arrived at Leyden in 1G08. The Church was enlarged by additions mostly from English exiles, and numbered more than three hundred. Robinson was greatly respected by the clergy of Leyden, and also by the professors in the university. He gave proof not only of his piety, but of his scholarship. The Church was not allowed to rest in quiet in this asylum of con- science, but was pursued by the prelatic rage of the bigotecl Laud. Holland was not allowed by Providence to be their rest, and they turned their thoughts across the ocean to the New World, where they might enjoy freedom to worship God in a heathen land. An appeal was made to king James as to whether they would be granted liberty of conscience in America. They made a full statement of their religious principles, keeping nothing back. The king promised to connive as to their religions principles and practices, but could not grant them toleration under the great seal.
In the beginning of the j^ear 1620 they kept a da}'' of solemn fasting and prayer; Robinson delivered a dis- course from 1 Sam. xxiii, 3-4. It was decided that part of the Church should emigrate and prepare the way, and the remainder follow when their pastor could go with them ; but many could not get ready, and had to remain. Mr. Brewster, a ruling elder, was appointed to go as a leader. They were constituted as much an ab- solute Church as the portion that remained. In Julj' they held another season of prayer, and the pastor preached from Ezra viii, 21. On June 21 they left Leyden to embark at Delftshaven, and went on board ship the day after they arrived. All having assembled on deck, their beloved founder knelt and poured out his soul to God in pra3'er for the divine protection. They believed thoroughly not only in a general, but a special, providence, extending to the minutest events. The proceeds of their estates were put into a common stock, and, with the assistance of the merchants to whom they mortgaged their labor and trade for seven j'ears, t^vo vessels were provided — the Speedwell, of sixty tons, and the Muyflotcer, of one hundred and eighty tons. They expended seven thousand pounds in provisions and stores. The ships, carrying one hundred and twenty passen- gers, sailed from Southampton on Aug. 5, 1620. The Upeedwell, proving leaky, had to put into port at Dart- mouth for repairs. On Aug. 21 they put to sea again, and by still another providential interference, both ships proving unseaworthy, they were obliged to put back to I'lyiniiiith. About twenty left the Speedwell, and, tak- ing with them their provisions, went on shore; the re- mainder, one hundred and one in number, went on board the M<ii/Jlou-ei; and the shores of England were lost sight of forever. The company had entered into a solemn covenant to be faithful to God and each other. But lit- tle remarkable occurred during the voyage. There was one death, and one birth — a son of Stejihen Hopkins, who was named Occanus. On Nov. 9 they caught sight of the sandy cliffs of Cape Cod, and the next day enter- ed the harbor. Before going ashore, they founded a democratic government, and elected John Carver to serve one year as governor of the colony. They named the place I'lymi)uth. The first religious service held on land was on Dec. .SI. R<ibiuson had charged them to '•foUdw him only so far as he followed Christ." They were faithful to the charge— a noble band (if (iod-fear- ing and God-loving men ; and they left unchanged to posterity