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Romanticists, Thk. A class of thinkers whose chief ()l)ject was to introduce a new religion of human- ity and art. They wore the advocates of the ideal, in opjiosition to the real, seeking to resolve religion into poetry, and morality into icsthetics. Rousseau was the first author to set forth the romantic view of life with any degree of consistency and decisiveness. He found
ANCIENT ROME
WITH PORTIONS Oi' THE MODERN CITY
IN KED
fur the purpose of comparison
«> >* F.Appia ^ ' " '^ P.g.g«tia9l
P.Ardcatina?
P.g.Setiastiano
ROMANUS
109
ROME
two disciples in Germany, Lavater (1741-1801) and Pes- talozzi (1746-182G), and at about the same time (1724- 1804) Kant lent his influence to this school. The prin- ciple of the Romanticists was life, and tliey represented ideas lyrically, as they ring in the raptures or agonies of the human heart. They represented the passions jHcturesquely, as they may burn in an individual char- acter belonging to a certain age, race, stage of life, etc. The decay of this school was a simple consequence of its artistic principle. Life is not the highest principle of art; the highest principle is truth. When this was seen, the question arose. What is truth ? The Ro- manticists attempted a double answer, but failed in both. In Germany they said. Truth is only a symbol, and the highest symbols mankind possess are a Roman Catholic Church and the absolute monarchy. They despised the Reformation on ajsthetic grounds as unro- mantic. Hence followed political reaction, conversion to Romanism, extravagances, insanity, and suicide. In England they said. There is no truth outside of the in- dividual ; take away all those abstract generalities which enslave the individuality, and the unbound Prometheus will show himself the truth. The result was disgust at life, despair at all. This branch of the Romantic school soon withered. In German}' the favorite phi- losopher of the Romanticists was Schelling, and their favorite divine Schleiermacher. The book which most fitly represents their school in England is the Sartor Resartus of Carlyle. — Gardner, Faiths of the World, s. v. ; Johnson, Cyclop, s. v.