Rosenthal, David Augustl'S, Dr., a German writer of ecclesiastical history, was born of.lewish par- entage at Neisse, in Silesia, in the year 1812. Having finished his preparatory studies at the gymnasium, he entered the University of Hreslau for the study of medi- cine. After having been promoted as doctor of medi- cine, he settled at Breslau, and in 1851, together with his family, became a meml)cr of the Koman Catholic Church. As a member of that Church he was especial- ly active in ameliorating the Catholic press and societies of Silesia. He also distiuiruishetl himself as an author
by editing the poetical works of Angelas Silesius, better known as Schefller (1862, 2 vols.), but more especially by the publication of his Convertitenbihkr aus dem 19. Jahrhundert (5 vols.). Rosenthal died IMarch 29, 1875. His Convertitenbilder, or biographical sketches of con- verts to the Koman Catholic Church in the 19th cen- tury, are a very important contribution to Church his- tory, in which the lives of Jews and Protestants are described who joined the Romish Church in our cen- tury. The first volume (Schaffhausen, 1871-72) treats of the converts in Germany ; the second, of those of Eng- land ; the first division of the third (1869), of those of France and America ; the second division of the third (1870) is devoted to Russia, besides giving a supplement to the former volumes. See the Literarischer Uund- weiser, 1875, p. 120. (B. P.)
Rosette, an ornament in front of the hat worn by prelates, dignitaries in a cathedral, and archdeacons. Savage {Pi-ogress of a Divine, 1735) says, " He gained a cassock, beaver, and a rose." — Walcott, Sac. A rchwul. s. v.
Rose^well, Thomas (1), an English clergyman, was born near Bath in 1630, and educated at Pembroke College, Oxford. He. became rector of Sutton Mande- ville in 1657, was ejected for nonconformity in 1662, and was settled as minister at Rotherhithe in 1674. He was tried for high-treason in 1684 by judge Jeffreys for some expressions in a sermon, was condemned, but pardoned. He died in 1692. Rosewell published. The Causes and Cure of the Pestilence (Lond. 1665, sm. 8vo). See Alli- bone, Diet, of Brit, and Amer. Authors, s. v. ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v.
Rose^vell, Thomas (2), an English Dissenting minister, was born at Rotherhithe in 1680, and educated partly in Scotland. He was for a time assistant to Mr. John Howe, at Silver Street, London, and then colleague with Mr. John Spademan at the same place till towards the close of his life, when he removed to ]\Iare Street, Hackney, where he died in 1722. Rosewell had a share in the continuation of Henry's Exposition, the part as- signed him being the Epistle to the Ephesians. He published a volume of Sermons (1706): — sixteen single Sermons (1706-20) : — and The A rraignment and Trial of Mr. Thomas Rosetcell (1718, 8vo). *
Rosh (Heb. Rosh, CXi, head, as often ; Sept. 'Poiq\ the name of a man and perhaps of a people. See also Gall.
1. The seventh named of ten sons of Benjamin, each of whom was head of a family in Israel (Gen. xlvi, 21). B.C. cir. 1880. He is perhaps identical with the Rapha of 1 Chron. viii, 2. See Jacob. " Kalisch has some long and rather perplexed observations on the discrepancies in the lists in Gen. xlvi and Numb, xxvi, and specially as regards the sons of Benjamin. But the truth is that the two lists agree very well so far as Benjamin is con- cerned ; for the only discrepancy that remains, when the absence of Beclier and Gera from the list in Numb, is explained [see those words], is that, for the two names TIX and 12;X~i (Ehi and Rosh) in Gen., we have the one name DHTIX (Ahiram) in Numb. If this last were written DX1, as it might be, the two texts would be al- most identical, especially if written in the Samaritan character, in which the shin closely resembles the viem. That Ahiram is right we are quite sure, from the fam- ily of the Ahiramites, and from the non-mention else- where of Rosh, which, in fact, is not a proper name. The conclusion, therefore, seems certain that "i'NTlTlX in (ien. is a mere clerical error, and that there is perfect agreement between the two lists. This view is strength- ened by the further fact that in the word which follows Rosh, viz. Mu|)pim, the initial m is an error for sh. It should be Shuppim, as in Numb, xxvi, 39; 1 Chron. vii, 12. The final m of Ahiram and the initial sh of Shuppim have thus been transposed" (Kitto).
ROSH nASII-SHx\NAH
135
ROSIN
2. The Heb. word rush, rendered "prince" (Ezek. xxxviii, 2, 3; xxxix, 1), ought to he read as a proper name, as in the Sept. — " the chief" or " prince of Kosh, Meshech, and Tubal." Rosh tlius appears as the name of a northern nation, along with INIeshech and Tubal (corap. Rhoas, in Pliny, vi, 4, which may be a city, a river, or a people, between Suavi and the district Ecrec- tice, on Caucasus; and Rhddsh, an Iberian province in the same place, named by Kussegger [^Beschreib. d. Caucus, ii, 34]). Gesenius says, " Without much doubt Rosh designates the Russians, who are described by the Byzantine writers of the 10th century, under the name of the Roos, as inhabiting the northern parts of Taurus ; and also by Ibn-Fosslan, an Arabic writer of the same period, under the name Rus, as dwelling upon the river Volga" ( Thes. Heb. s. v. ). The Oriental writers say that Rus was the eighth son of Japhet, and his descend- ants are, by Abulfaraj, always joined with the Bulga- rians, Slavonians, and Alani. For other suppositions, see Stritter, Memo?-. Popular, olim ad Danub., etc., Habi- tant, ii, 957 sq. ; Michaelis, Siipi^l. vi, •2224 sq. ; Bochart, Phal. xiii, 13; Schulthess, Farad, p. 193; Ilerbelot, Biblioth. Or. iii, 137 sq. If the view of Gesenius be correct, in this name and tribe we have the first trace of the Russ, or Russian, nation. " Von Hammer identi- fies this name with Rass in the Koran (xxv, 40; 1, 12), 'the peoples Aad, Thamud, and the Asshabir (or in- habitants) of Rass or Ross.' He considers that Mo- hammed had actually the passage of Ezekiel in view, and that 'Asshabir' corresponds to Nasi, the 'prince' of the A. v., and dpxoira of the Sept. (Sur les Orix/ines Russes [St. Petersb. 1825], p. '24-29). The first certain mention of the Russians under this name is in a Latin Chronicle under the year A.D. 839, quoted by Bayer {Oriyines Russicce, Comment. Acad. Petropol. [172(5], p. 409). From the junction of Tiras with ]Meshech and Tubal in Gen. x, '2, Von Hammer conjectures the iden- tity of Tiras and Rosh (p. 2G). The name probably occurs again under the altered form of Rasses (q. v.) in Judith ii; 23 — this time in the ancient Latin, and possi- bly also in the Syriac version, in connection withThiras or Thars ; but the passage is too corrupt to admit of any certain deduction from it. This early Biblical notice of so great an empire is doubly interesting from its being a solitary instance. No other name of any modern na- tion occurs in the Scriptures, and the oliliteration of it by the A. V. is one of the many remarkable variations of our version from the meaning of the sacred text of the Old Test." (Smith).