Sabbatier, Pierre, a French Benedictine, was born at Poitiers in 1G82. In 1700 he took the habit of St. Benedict at the abbey of St. Faron de iMeaux. He was employed by prince Bruinart to edit the fifth vol- ume of the Annules Benedictines. At this time he also began to publish the ancient version of the Scriptures, commonly called the Italian Version. The first edition had not appeared when, on account of tlie part he had taken in the Janssnist quarrels, he was exiled to the ■ abbey of St. Nicaise at Rheims. He did not live to see the work completed, his death occurring on March 24, 1742, but it was finally published by Ballard and Vin- cent de la Rue under the title of Bibliorum Sacrorum Lutince Versiones Antiquce, seu Vetus Itulica (1743). — Hoefer, Nouv, Biog. Generale, s. v.
Sabbatini, Andrea, called A ndrea da Salerno, an Italian painter, was born at Salerno about 1480. He studied at Rome under Raphael, and, though he re- mained there but a year, was one of the best imitators of Raphael's style. Among his numerous works at Naples are the frescos and scenes of Santa Blaria della Grazia. His best works are at Gaeta and Salerno, and his Visitation may be seen at the Louvre, in Paris. He died in 1545. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Sabbatini, Lorenzo, called Lorenzino da Bo- logna, another Italian painter, was born about 1533 at Bologna. Being called to Rome under the pontificate of Gregory XHI, he painted in the royal hall of the Vatican Faitli Triumphing over Unbelief, and other fres- cos in the Pauline Chapel. These gained for him the position of siqierintendent of the works in the Vatican, which he held till his death. The princijial pictures of Sabbatini are a Madonna, in the Louvre; the Mar- riage of St. Catharine, at Dresden; and the Virgin En- throned, at Berlin. He died in 1577. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Sabbatini, Luigi Antonio, an Italian composer of music, was born at Albano in 1739. While young he joined the Order of St. Francis, and received his mu- sical education in the convents at Rome, Bologna, and Padua. Ills principal teacher was Villotti, whose sys- tem of harmony he adopted. He was made musical di- rector of the church of the Twelve Apostles at Rome,
and retained the position till 1780, when he took the place of Villotti in the church of St. Antony at Padua. He composed much sacred music, and Avas the author of several musical works — Elementi Teoiici della Musica (1789): — Vera Idea delle Musicali Nmneriche Segna- ture (1795) — besides a Life of Villotti, and an edition of the I'salms of Marcello. He died at Padua Jan. 29, 1809. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.
Sabbatism {aaftj^aTiaiioQ, Heb. ii, 9, A. V. " rest"), a repose from labor, like that enjoyed by God at crea- tion ; a type of the eternal Sabbath of heaven. See Rest.
Sabbatum Magnum (great Sabbath). The day before Easter was designated as the high Sabbath, partly in imitation of the primitive institution, and partly in token of respect for the time in which our Saviour lay in the grave. This was the only Sabbath eventually continued in the Church and distinguished by peculiar solemnities. It was set apart as a strict fast, probably w-ith reference to the words of Christ, " AMien the Bridegroom is taken away from them, in those days shall they fast." It was called the Easier vigil, and was among the earliest of those established by Christians. From Lactantius, Jerome, and other Christian writers we learn that the early Christians expected the second coming of our Lord on this night, and prepared themselves for it by fasting, prayer, and other spiritual exercises. The Easter vigil was distin- guished bj' the lighting of a large taper (cereus pas- chalis), signifying the resurrection of our Lord, and the consequent rejoicing of the Church ; by the baptism of catechumens, particularly in the Greek Church ; and by the reading of proper lessons, which took place immedi- ately before the celebration of the baptism. The fast was continued till cock- crowing the next morning, which was supposed to be the time of the resurrection. In the Latin Church the Easter vigil was suppressed, in consequence of the numerous abuses practiced and the injury to the morals of young people. — Farrar, Eccles, Diet. s. V.
Sabe'an; Sabe'us. SeeS.vB.EAN; Sab.eus.
Sabellianism. See Sabellius.
Sabellians. See Sabellius.
Sabellius, the author of a heretical doctrine con- cerning the nature of the Trinity, which disturbed the Church in the 3d century, and has occasionally reap- peared, under modified forms, even down to modern times. Sabellius, according to Ilippolytus {Philosophou- mena), spent some time at Rome in the beginning of the 3d century, and was gained b}- Callistus to patripassian- ism. Sid)sequently he appears as a presbyter of Ptole- mais, in Egypt. There his doctrine assumed a modified form, and made such progress in the Church that Dio- nysitis, bishop of Alexandria, excommunicated him at a council in that city (A.D. 2G1), and opposed him so earnestly as to almost fall into the opposite error of a hypostatical independence of the Father and the Son. Thereupon the Sabellians complained of that bishop to Dionysius of Rome, who held a council on the subject in 2G2, and controverted Sabellianism in a special trea- tise, taking care also to refute subordinationism and tritheism. The bishop of Alexandria retracted his ut- terances on these last points. Thus this feature of the strife was largeh' allayed until tjie age of Arius, half a century later.