Antediluvians.
Hebrew, ABC
Jared 162 SOO 962
Enoch 65 300 365
Methuselah 18T 7S2 969
Lamech 182 595 777
POSTDII.DVIANS.
Arphaxad 35 403 438
Eber 34 430 464
Peleg .% 209 239
Reu 32 207 239
Serug 30 200 230
Nahor 29 119 148
Samaritan. ABC 62 785 S47 65 300 365 67 653 720 53 600 653
135 303 438
134 270 404
130 109 239
132 107 239
130 100 230
79 69 148
Under this head falls the passage in Exod. xii, 40: " Now the sojourning of the children of Israel who dwelt in Egypt was 430 years." The Sam. has " The sojourn- ing of the children of Israel and their fathers who dwelt in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt was 430 years." The same reading is in the Sept. (cod. Alex, and Josephus; comp. also Gal. iii, 17). In Gen. ii, 2 1^'13'rn is altered into lO'^iil, the sixth.
7, The seventh class comprises what we might briefly call Samaritanisms, i, e, certain Hebrew forms trans- lated into the idiomatic Samaritan; and here the Sam, codices vary considerably among themselves — as far as the very imperfect collation of them has hitherto shown — some having retained the Hebrew in many places where the others have adopted the new equivalents. Thus the gutturals and ahevi letters are frequently changed: unin becomes D~l1N (Gen, viii, 4); "^XS is altered into "^i'S (xxiii, 18); H-'^ into r3':3 (xxvii, 19); ■'bnt stands for ^briT (Deut, xxxii, 24); the H is changed into tl in words like SHS, Cn^a, which be- come 5n3, D'^naj; n is altered into '$ — "iTSn becomes "i^aS, The ^ is frequently doubled (? as a mater lecti-
SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH 296 SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH
onk): n'^::''^!! is substituted for n'i::"'n; XT^'^X for XT'X; "^""S) for "^S. Many words are joined together: -ll-n-l^ stands for -n-n -|?3 (Exod. xxx, 23) ; -SSriD for "X "ins (Gen. xli, 45); niT'^15 "IH is always B'^Ti^Sirt. The pronouns ns and "iPX, 2d pers. fem. sing, and phir., are changed into "^rX and "■inX>(the ob- solete Heb. forms) respectively ; the suff. T| into "iX ( ~\ into T^ ; the termination of the 2d pers. sing. fem. pret., Pi-, becomes ^P], like the 1st pers.; the verbal form Aphel is used for the Hiphil; imDTX for in-lZTH; the medial letter of the verb 1 3? is sometimes retained as X or "^j instead of being dropped as in the Hebrew. Again, verbs of the form n b have the "^ frequently at the end of the infin. fut. and part., instead of the fi. Nouns of the schema 'blip (^^X, etc.) are often spelled h'^Hp, into which the form Vv^p is likewise occasion- allj' transformed. Of distinctly Samaritan words may be mentioned: "H (Gen. xxxiv, 31)=~'iX, ""^m (Chald.), "like;" D"inn, for the Heb. On'.n, "seal;" rn"iS3, "as though it budded," becomes rimsXD = the Targ. PmSX 13, etc.
8. Passages which have been conformed to the the- ologj', hermeneutics, and worship of the Samaritans. Thus, to avoid the appearance of polytheism, the four passages where Elohim is construed with a plural are altered so as to present the singular (Gen. xx, 13 ; xxxi, 53 ; XXXV, 7 ; Exod. xxii, 9). Again, whatever savors of anthropomorphism, or is unsuitable to the divine maj- esty, is either removed or softened. Wherever the Al- mighty himself is brought immediately into view as speaking to and dealing with men, "the angel of God" is substituted. Reverence for the patriarchs and Moses led to the alteration of Gen. xlix, 7 and Deut. xxxiii, 12; for example, for "cursed is their anger," DSX "ll^X, the Sam. reads, " excellent is their anger," CEX "flX ; and instead of "the beloved of the Lord shall dwell," nini T'-li, it has "the hand, the hand of the Lord makes him to dwell," which yields no sense. In like manner, voces hnnestiores are sometimes put when there is fancied immodesty, as in Deut. xxv, 11, 1"'t'3^13 is changed into I'lT-D.
Here Gesenius puts the notable passage Deut. xxvii, 4, where the Samaritans changed Ebal into Gerizim to favor their own temple. Some, as Whiston and Kenni- cott, have attempted to show that the Jews changed Gerizim into Ebal, but unsuccessfully (comp. on this point Lee's Prolegomena, p. 29).
From the immense number of these worse than worth- less variations Gesenius has singled out four which he thinks preferable, on the whole, to those of the Masoretic text, viz. Gen. iv, 8, where the Sam. adds, "Let us go into the field;" Gen. xxii, 13, inX, a, instead of "IHX, behind (also found in five fragments of old .Jewish MSS. at St. Petersburg; see Journ. Asiaf. 1860, i, 542); Gen. xlix, 14, where D"!?, a hone, is D'^15, bony; and Gen. xiv, 14, pT'l, instead of p^''1, i. e. he numbered, for he led forth. Even these have been thought emendations. .and rejected by the majority of critics (comp. Frankel, Einfluss, p. 242).
Frankel has treated of the subject more by way of supplement to Gesenius tlian from an independent point of view. His additions to the classes of the latter are small and unimportant, besides being pervaded by erro- neous conceptions of the age when the Samaritan Pen- tateuch originated. He adduces — 1. The use of the imperative for the third person, as 2"ipn for Sip"" (Exod. xii, 48) ; and to ignorance of the use of the in- finitive absolute, as inDT for "n = T (xiii, 3), "l^X for ■^ICX (Numb, vi, 23), etc. 2. The characteristics of