XI. Commentaries. — The exegetical helps on the en- tire books of Samuel alone have not been numerous : Origen, Selecta (in 0pp. ii, 479; also in Gallandii Bihl. Putruni, xiv) ; Ephrem Syrus, Explanatio (in 0pp. iv, 331); Theodoret, Qucestiones (in 0pp. I, i); Gregory, Expositiones (in 0pp. Ill, ii, 1); Jerome, Qucestiones (in 0pp. \^Spiir.'], iii, 755); Eucherius, Conmientaria. (in Bibl. Max. Patr. vi) ; Procopius, Scholia [includ. other hist, books] (in Meursii Opp). viii, 1) ; Isidore, Cominen- taria (in OpjJ.) ; Babe, Exposilio, etc. (in various forms, in Opp.) ; Angelomus, Enarrationes (in Bihl. Max. Pair. xv); Hildebert, Versio Metrica (in Opp. p. 1191); Ra- ban, Commentarii (in Opp.) ; Rupert, Commentarii (in Opp. i, 345); Yln'^oWcior, A nnotationes (in Opp. i); Abrabanel, ^^'13 [includ. other hist, books] '(s. 1. et a. [Pesaro, 1522]; Naples, 1543, fob; Leips. 16S6, fol.); Bafiolas, UJ^IQ (Leiria, 1494, fob; also in the Rabbinic Bibles); Bugenhagen, Adnotationcs [includ. Deut. ] (Basil. 1524; Argent, 1525, 8vo); Menius, Commen- tarius [on 1 Sam.] (Vitemb, 1532, 8vo); Brentius, Cow- mentaria (in Opp. ii) ; Lambert, Commentarius (Argent. 1626; Francof. 1539, fob); Caussin [R. C], Disserta- tiones (Par. 1550, fob; Colon. 1552, 4to) ; Weller, Com- mentaria [includ. 1 Kings] (Francof. 1555, 2 vols. 8vo); Peter Martj-r, Commentarii (Tigur. 1567, fob); Strigel, Commentarius [includ. Kings and Chron.] (Lips. 1569, 1583, fob; Neost. 1691, 8vo); Borrhaus, Commentarius [includ. other hist, books] (Basil. 1577, fob); Allschul, bx^'S'd (Cracow, 1595, fob, and later); Aschcicb,
SAMUEL B.-D. OTOLEXGO 328
SAN'AT
rixis'iSt^ t^iX'?"? [indiul. other hist, books] (Yenicc, 1601,' 1020, fol.,'and later); Tflacker, Piedifjten (Tub. 1602, fol.); Lanado, ■^iT'^ ibs [includ. other liist. books] (Venice, 1003, fol.); iMdcmach, A usler/miff (Tub. 1005, fol.); Willot, Harmony (Cambr. 1000;" Lo'iul. 1007, 4to; ibiil. 1014, fol.); Leonhart, Ifi/jiomntte [iiu'hid. Kings and Chron.] (Erf. 1008, lOU, 8vo) ; Serarius [U. C], Commentarid [iiiclud. other books] (Lugd. 1013; Mo- gunt. 1017, fdl.) ; Laurent, AuslcguKfj (Leips. 1015, 1010, fol.); Drusiiis,.-! dnotutioues [on parts, includ. other books] (Franco. 1018, 4to); Kangolius [K. C. ], Commentarii (Par. 1021-24, 2 vols, fol.); De Mendoza [K. C], Com- mentariu [on 1 Sam. i-xv] (Lugd. 1G22-31, 3 vols, fol.) ; Sanchez [I!. C. ], Comnunturius (Antw. 1024; Lugd. 1625, fol.) ; Crommius [ K. C], Theses (includ. other hist, books] (Lovan. 1031, 4to); De Vera [K. C], Coinmen- iarid (Limie. 1035, fol.) ; Bonfrere [K. C ], Cummentarius [includ. Kings and Chron.] (Tornaci, 1043, 2 vols, fol., and later) : Wulffer, Predifjten (Nuremb. 1070, 4to) ; De Naxera [1\. C], Excuisus (Lugd. 1072, 3 vols, fol.); Osiandcr, Commentarius (Stuttg. 1687, fol.); Schmid, Commentarius (Argent. 1087-S9, 2 vols. 4to) ; Molden- hauer, Erldutentiif/ [includ. other hist, books] (Quedlinb. 1774, 4to) ; Obornik, "iK3 [on 1 Sam.] (Vienna, 1793, 8vo); Detmold, bwS^l'Sd (ibid. 1793, 8vo, and later); Hensler, Erldntenmg [on 1 Sam.] (Hamb. and Kiel, 1795, 8vo) ; Horsley, Xotes (in Bihl. Criticism, i) ; BIul- der,Q'i3'rw'X1 C"'X"i:2 [includ. other hist, books] (Amst. 1827, 8vo) ; Lindsay, Lectures (Loud. 1828, 2 vols. 12rao) ; Kalkar, Quwstiones [on tlie authenticitj' of 1 Sam.] (Othin. 1835); K'6n\g?.{iAi\X, Annotationes [ on 2 Sam. and 1 Chron.] (Havn. 1839, 8vo) ; Wellhausen, Der Text d. B. S. (Gott. 1841, 8vo) ; Thcnius, ErUdrinif] (in the Kurzgef. exeg. Handb., Leips. 1842, 1804, 8vo) ; Keil and Delitzsch, Commentur (ibid. 1804; transl. in Clarke's Library, Edinb. 1806, 8vo); Erdmann, Erkldrung (in Lange's Bihelwerl; Bielefeld, 1873, 8vo). See Old Tiis-
TAJIEXT.
Samuel ben-David Otolengo. See Otolengo.
Samuel bex-Isaac Oceda. See Oceda.
Samuel the Little ("ppn ^XlTit'), a contem- porary of (iamaliel II, is known in Jewish history as the author of the prayer against the Minim, or Jew- ish Christians. In the Talmud treatise Berakot/i, fol. 28b,wcread: n^cr tlll^a ^■'"IDn "'b'lpS '|1":2U;
nrpn -(-jpn hii'rz-:: iiv ? n^pniin rrna 'prh;
i.e. "Simon I'akidi arranged the eighteen benedictions before rabban (iamaliel, in Jabne, in their present order. Kabban CJamaliel said to the sages, 'Is there none who knows to pre()arc a benediction against the Zaddukim or SadduceosV Then arose Samuel the Little and pre- pared it." This Cpiniin r--i2, or, as it is generally called, C"^3^^n r3"l3, "the benediction against the Minim, or Jewish Christians," is the twelfth of the so- called S/i'tnone Esre, or Eighteen Benedictions [comp. the art. Synagooik ]. and originally read C^J'^^i'l nipn •'nn bx D"'rrii-:31,i.c. "let tlierebenohope for the ]\Iinim and calumniators." That this prayer was dircclcil against Jcwisli Christians is tcstilied b}' Epiplianius (/'./'. adcersus JJeeres. xxix, 9; ed. I'etav. p. 124), who states: oli fiuvov yap o'l tu>p 'lovSaiojv TraiCtg irptiQ tovtovq [tqvq IS a^oipai ovt] KiKTip'oi fuaoc, dWd uviaT('mf.t>oi, tw^tv Kal /.tiirtjc I'ljiipac Koi TTtpi rt)v tmrfpav, r^it,' rfig t'lfii-pac (>7t tiixu<^ IttitiXov- cn> iavTolc: tV ra7c <Tvrayujyo~ir, iirapioi'Tai f/'roTt; Kai dfa^fnari'Covm rpiij r/yf i/pfpac (ixtcTKorrKj on 'Etti- Kn-api((Ti I) c-n'if roi'c 'Su'C^opuiovi^. With regard to these words of ICpiphanius, (iriitz remarks that Epiplia- nius, being by birth a Jew, is a competent witness that this formida w;is directed against the Jewish Cliristians,
It will be seen that the remark of Dr, Ginsburg, in Kitto's Cycloj-). s. v. "Synagogue" (p. 900, note), is not justified either by the statement of Epiphanius or that of the Jewish historian Griitz. See Gratz, Gesch. d. Jiiden, iv, 434; Derenbourg, Histoire de la Palestine, p. 344-346; Schiirer, I^ehrhuch der neutestamentlichen Zeitgeschichte, p. 502. (B. P.)
Samuel Maroccanus. See Morocco, Samuel of.
Samuel BEX-iMKin. See Easiibam.
Samviel Yeuetz, an Armenian historian, was born at Ani (Armenia Major), and lived in the 12th century. He was a disciple of George Melrig, and was requested by Gregory IV, patriarch of Armenia, to prepare a chron- icle or universal history, which work he published under the title Sumuelis, Presb. A niensis, temj)07-um usque ad snam Patio. It is divided into two parts, commencing with the creation of the world and ending with the year 1179. It is really a mere abridgment of the chronicles of Eusebius increased by matter found in the LListory of Armenia by Moses of Choren, and in earlier writings now lost. The Latin translation was prepared by Dr. Zorab and Angelo Maj-. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. V.