The SankhyH philosophy is supposed to date from a period anterior to the 8th century B.C., and its reac- tion against Brahmanism became a pojiular movement in tlie 6th centiny in the Buddhistic refdiuialion of Sankhyamuni, who taught the Yoga system with little change, and named its "deliverance of the soul from pain and illusion" the Nirrana. The reputed author of the actual Sankhya is Kapila (literally tavny), who is asserted to have been a son of Brahma ; by others an incarnation of Vishnu. He taught his system in Su-
SANKRANDANNA
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tras (q. v.), wliich, distributed in six lectures, bear the name of Sankhiia-Prarachana. Tlie oldest commen- tarv on this work is that by Aniruddlia ; anotlier is that bvYijnnnabhikshu. Tliey owe their preservation to Ishwara Krishna, who reduced them to writing, edited bv II. II. Wilson. See Fitzedward Hall, rreface to his cd. of Sdiikhyd-Prai-uchana; H. T. Colebrooke, Miscdl. Essays (Lond. 1837), i, 227 sq. ; Ma.\: Midler, Chips from a German Worlcskop.
Sankrandanna, in Hindii mythology, is " the variable one," a surname of Jndra, the god of the heav- ens and of the air.
Sanks, Jamks, a minister of the Methodist Episco- pal Cliurch, was born in Anne Arundel County, Md., June 12, 180(5, and early removed to Virginia. -In 1828 he was received on trial in tlie Baltimore Con- ference, where he labored until 1858, when he was trans- ferred to the East Baltimore Conference and placed in charge of the Bellefonte district. In 18G2 he was ap- pointed to York, Pa., but soon sank under the influence of disease, and died in the borough of York, Pa., June 4, 1862. — Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1863, p. 11.
Sankuman, in Hindu mythology, is a wise and pious king, who secured the welfare of his realm and then became a penitent. He received from Vishnu the promise that the gi>d would become incarnate in bis familv, which was fullilled in his being born as liama.
Sannah. See Kibjath-Sannah.
Sanngetal, in Norse mythology, is a surname of Odin.
Saiinu'wadi, in Hindu mythology, is one of the eight playmates of Ganga.
Sanquhar Declaration. After HallofHaugh- head had been killed at Qneensferry, June 3, 1680, an inisigned paper was found in his possession, which was never recognised by the members of the Covenant. But on June 22, 1680, a party of twenty -one armed men boldly entered the little burgh of Sanquhar, and march- ed to the market cross, where thej' read and posted up a paper, throwing off all allegiance to the government, and proclaiming themselves in defiant rebellion. The Sanquhar paper was as follows: "It is not among the smallest of the Lord's mercies to this poor land that there have been always some who have given their tes- timony against every course of defection (that many are guilty of), which is a token for good that he doth not as yet intend to cast us off altogether, but that he will leave a remnant in whom he will be glorious, if thev, through his grace, keep themselves clean still, and walk in his way and method, as it has been walked in and owned by him in our predecessors of truly worthy mem- ory, in their carrying-on of our noble work of reforma- tion in the several steps thereof, from popery, prelacv, and likewise Erastian supremacy, so much usurped bv him who (it is true, so far as we know) is descended from the race of tuir kings; yet he hath so far departed from what he ought to have been, by his perjurv and usurpation in Cluirch matters, and tyranny in matters civil, as is known by the whole land, that we have just reason to account it one of the Lord's great controversies against us that we liave not disowned him.and tlie men of his practices (whether inferior magistrates or anv other) as enemies to our Lord and liis crown, and the true Protestant and Presbyterian interest in these lands, our Lord's esjioused bride ami Ciiurch. Therefore, al- though we be for government and governors, such as the Word of (iod and our covenant allow, yet we for ourselves, and all tliat will adhere to us, as the re|)re- sentatives of the true Presbyterian kirk and covenanted nation of Sc<itlaud, considering the great hazard of lying under such a sin any longer, do by these presents disown Charles Stuart, that has been reigning (or rather tyran- nizing, as we may say) on the throne of Britain these years by-gone, as having any right, title to, or interest in the said crown of Scotland fur government, as forfeit-
ed several years since by his perjury and breach of cov- enant both to God and his kirk, and usurpation of his crown and royal prerogatives therein, and many other breaches in matters ecclesiastic, and by his tyrainiy and breach of the very lei/es ref/nandi in matters civil. For which reason, we declare that several years since he should have been denuded of being king, ruler, or magis- trate, or of having anj' power to act or to be obeyed as such. As also, we being under the standard of our Lord Jesus Christ, Captain of salvation, do declare a war with such a tyrant and usurper, and all the men of his prac- tices, as enemies to our Lord Jesus Christ and his cause and covenants; and against all such as have strength- ened him, sided with, or anywise acknowledge him in his tyranny, civil or ecclesiastic — yea, against all such as shall strengthen, side with, or anywise acknowledge any other in the like usurjiation and tyranny — far more against such as would betray or deliver iqi our free reformed mother-kirk unto the bondage of antichrist, the pope of Home. And by this we homologate that testimony given at Rutherglen, May 29, 1679, and all the faithfid testimonies of those who have gone before, as also of those ^vho have suffered of late. And we do disclaim that declaration published at Hamilton, June, 1697, chiefly because it takes in the king's in- terest, which we are several years since loosed from, because of the foresaid reasons, and others which may after this (if the Lord will) be published. As also we disown, and by this resent, the reception of the duke of York, that professed papist, as repugnant to onr princi- ples and vows to the most high God, and as that which is the great, though not alone, just reproach of our kirk and nation. We also by this protest against his suc- ceeding to the crown ; and whatever has been done, or any are essaying to do in this land (given to the Lord) in prejudice to our work of reformation. And, to con- clude, we hope after this none will blame us for, or of- fend at our rewarding these that are against us, as they have done to us, as the Lord gives opportunity. This is not to exclude any that have declined, if they be will- ing to give satisfaction according to the degree of their offence. Given at Sanquhar, June 22, 1680." — Eadie, Ec- cles. Cyclop, s. v. See Queensferry Declaration.