368
SATISFACTION
their nionstrous crimes at length provoked the wrath of the Omnipotent. Satan was then commissioned to de- stroy them; he exterminated tlie greater part of the perfidious- race, and compelled the rest to seek refuge in the caves beneath the mighty Kaf, or mountain frame- work which supports the universe. This victory tilled Satan with pride; and when (iod, after the creation of Adam, required all the celestial intelligences to worship the new being, .Satan and his adherents peremptorily refused, upon which he was driven from heaven, and the faithful angels threw great stones at liim to accel- erate his flight. Hence the common Mohammedan saying, "God preserve us from Satan who was stoned!" In revenge for this misfortune, Satan resolved to procure the expulsion of our first parents from paradise ; but when he presented himself at the gate of the garden, he was refused admittance by the guard. On this he begged each of the animals, one after another, to carry him in, that he might speak to Adam and his wife; but they all refused him except the serpent, who took him between two of his teeth and thus carried him in. See D'Herbelot, Biblioth. Orientale, s. v. See Superstition.
VI. Literature. — Lists of works on this subject are given b\' Danz, Theol. Worterbuch, s. vv. " Satan," "Teu- fel;" Darling, Cydop. Bihliogr. col. 1384, 1680 sq.; and Malcom, Theolof/. hvlex, s. v. See also Tweedie, Satan as recealed in Scripture (Edinb. 18G2); Snope, Satanic Influence (Lond. 1854); Cowan, idem (ibid. 18G1); and the monographs referred to under Daemon; Devil; Possessed.
SATAN, Depths of (Rev. ii, 24), probabh' were the mysteries of the Nicolaitans, the Simonians, and other early Gnostics, who concealed their errors under deep abstruseness derived from wild speculations of Oriental philosophy, spoke of certain intelligences which created the world, but were in o|)position to the Creator. They taught a profound knowledge of the nature of angels and their different degrees. They seem to have had secret books, written in an abstruse and mj'sterious style. See Gnostics.
SATAN, SYNAfiOGUE of (Rev. ii, 9, 13), probably denotes the unbelieving .Jews at Smyrna, the false zeal- ots for the law of Moses, who at the beginning were the most eager persecutors of the Christians. They were very numerous at Smyrna, where Polycarp was bishop, to whom .John writes. See Smykna.
Satanael, a being whom the Bogomiles (q. v.) of the 12th century regarded as the first-born son of the supreme God, who sat at the right hand of God, holding the second place after him. To each of the higher spirits they believed that God had committed a partic- idar administration, while Satanael was placed over all his universal vicegerents; but, having a|)ostatized, he l)ersuaded his companions in apostasy to create a new heaven and a new earth, which should be an empire intlependent of the supreme (iod. He ruled in the world which he had created, bringing many thousands to ruin by his seductive wiles. But the good God re- solved to rescue men from the dominion of Satanael and to deprive him of power. This was accomplished by tlie Logos, wlio became incarnate, or, rather, took an etiiereal body, which resembled an earthly 'body oidy in its outward apiiearance. Satanael was deprived by Christ of his divine power, and obliged to give up the name of AY and retain oidy that of Satan. This doc- trine has a marked resemblance to that of the Euchites. — Garchier, Fail/is of Ike World, s. v.
Satanamis, a Hindu sect who profess to adore the iru(; name alone, the one (iod, the cause and creator of all things. They Ixirrow their notions of creation from the Vedantic philosophy. Worldly existence is with them illusion, or the work of iMaya. Tiicy ac- knowledge the whole of the Hindu gods, and, although they profess to worship but one (iod, they pay reverence to what they consider manifestations of his nature vis- ible in tlie Avatars, particularly Rama and Krishna.
They use distinctive marks, and wear a doable string of silk bound around the right wrist. They do not uni- formly employ frontal lines, but some make a perpen- dicular streak with ashes of a burnt-offering to Hanu- man. Their moral system approaches that of the Hindu Quietists or the Greek Stoics, consisting chiefly of a spirit of rigid indifiFerence to the world, its pleasures and its pains, advantages and disadvantages; and a strict adherence to all ordinary social and religious duties, combined with the calm hope of final absorption into the one spirit which pervades all things. — Gardner, Faiths of tite World, s. v.
Sataniaiis, a branch of the Messalians, who ap- peared about A.D. 390. They derived their name from the theory which thej' are alleged to have held, that the power of Satan over men makes it right for them to pray that he will not exercise it to. their harm. This opinion seems to be the same as that on which the wor- ship of the Yezedees (q. v.) is grounded.
Satanniani. Heretics of this name are mentioned by the author o{ Prcedestinatus as having derived their name from Satanius, and as maintaining the opinion that the resurrection of the dead will be a restoration of bodies and souls to exactly the same condition in which they exist during the present life. This seems to be the same heresy which is numbered the eightieth by Philaster and the sixty-seventh by Augustine, and to whose adherents the name ^Eternales is given by Da- naeus in his tract on Augustine's treatise on heresies. — Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s. v.