Scarf, a piece of silk or other material, hanging from the neck, worn over the rochet or surplice. It is not mentioned in the rubric of the English ritual, but is worn by our bishops and dignitaries of the Church.
It has been used from the primitive ages by the clergy, when the presbyters and bishops wore a scarf in the administration of the sacraments, and on some other occasions. According to Walcott (^/Sacred A rchcBology), it properly belonged to the doctors of divinity and dig- nitaries, is called talaf/a in Italy and Malta, and is worn by the doctors of theology.
Scarlatti, Alkssanuro, an Italian musical com- poser, was born at Naples in 1659. He received a good musical education, and, at the age of twenty-one, wrote his first opera. Little is known of his life except that he was master of the royal chapel under Christina of Sweden in 1(580, and after her death filled the same of- fice in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. He also taught in various musical conservatories. He died Oct. 24, 1725. His principal works are about thir- ty in number, chiefly upon secular subjects, but among them are several oratorios, one called The Sacrifice of Ahraham: — two renderings of the Stabut Matei-: — and six Masses. See Fetis, Biog. Univ. des Musiciens. — Hoe- fer, Nouv. Biog. Genhale, s. v.
Scarlet often occurs m Scripture associated with purple and blue. The words so translated occur in the following forms : 1. "'DO, shani', and D'^O'iIJ, shanim', alone. Gen. xxxviii, 28-30; Josh, ii, 18-21 ; 2 Sam. i, 24 ; Prov. xxxi, 21 ; Cant, iv, 3 ; Jer. iv, 30 ; Sept. k6k- Kii'op, Vulg. coccimim; Isa. i, 18, (poiviKoi'v, coccinum. 2. '^3'j Pi^'bin, toldath shani', Exod. xxv, 4; xxvi, 1,31, 36; xxvii, 16; xxviii, 5,6,8, 1'5; xxxv, 6,23,25; xxxviii, 18, 23; xxxix, 3; Numb, iv, 8, kokkivov, and KOKKivov with Snr\oiii>, KtKXwcfiifvov, kXiotov, ciavE- vrjauivov, Vulg. bis tinctus, coccus bis titictus, and ver- mindus. 3. H^'^in "D'j, sheni' toldath, Lev. xiv, 4, 6, 49, 51, 52 ; Numb, xi.x, 6 ; Sept. kokkivov, with K-j/cXwfr- u'tvor, and KKioarnv ; vermiculus, coccus, and with bis tinctus. 4. "VtO, told, alone, Isa. i, 18, kokkivov, ver- miculus ; Lam. iv, 5, Vulg. croceis ; Nah. ii, 3, coccineis. In the New Test., Matt, xxvii, 28 ; Heb. ix, 19 ; Rev. xvii, 3, 4, xviti, 12, 16; k6kklvo(:, coccineus. The first of these words, shani', is by some derived from shanah', nS'J. "to repeat," and is thus interpreted to mean "double dyed," but which, Gesenius observes, is appli- cable onlv to the Tyrian purple (see Braunius. De Vest. i, 15, § 214, p. 237;' Bochart, Hieroz. i, 3, p. 525-527). Gesenius prefers an Arabic root meaning to shine, because scarlet garments were admired for their brightness; but Jerome asserts that the word means coccinum {Epist. ad Fabiolani). It is certain that told denotes a worm, grub, or insect, and the Sept. and Vulg. plainly under- stood by it the coccus, from which the ancients procured a blood-red crimson dye, the Coccus ilicis of Linnaeus, class iv,Tetragynia, the/cer?nez of the Arabians, whence used to be derived the French word cramoisi, and our ci-imson; but Kilian gives carmensinvm, because made from a worm, which, in the Phoenician tongue, is called carmen. Hesj'chius defines coccus as that from which the Phoenician dye is obtained. It was the female of this remarkable insect that was employed ; and though supplanted by the cochineal (Coccus cacti), it is still used for the purpose in India and Persia. It attains the size and form of a pea, is of a violet -black color, covered with a whitish powder, adhering to plants, chiefiy various species of oak, and so closely resembling grains that its insect nature was not generally known for many centuries. According to Beckman, the epithet vermiculatus was applied to it during the ISIiddle Ages, when this fact became generally understood, and that hence is derived the word vermilion. Hence the Hebrew words moan both the coccus itself, and the deep red or liright rich crimson which was derived from it (as in Cant, iv, 3, " thy lips are like a thread of scarlet"); and so the word " scarlet" signified in the time of our trans- lators, rather than the color now called by that name, and which was unknown in the time of James I. This
SCARLET
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SCATTERGOOD