Education is making rapid progress in Servia. Fifty years ago there was no public primarj- school; now edu- cation is compulsory, and for its management a special ministry of education has been organized. In 1874 there were 517 public schools, with 23,000 pupils. The tirst gymnasium was established in 1830, and in 1874 the principality had two complete gymnasia and five progymnasia, with an aggregate attendance of 2000 students. A normal school was established in 1872. The high school in Belgrade contains three faculties, and has about 200 students.
IV. Character.— 'Vha Servians are distinguished for the vigor of their frame, their personal valor, love of freedom, and glowing poetical spirit. Their manners and mode of life are exceedingly picturesque, and strongly prepossess a stranger in their favor. They rank among the most gifted and promising members of the Slavic family. See Ranke, Die serbische Revolution (Hamburg, 1829; 2d ed. 1844); Milutinovitch, Gesch. Serbiens von 1389-1815 (Leipsic, 1837); Cunibert, Essai Jlistorique mr les Revolutions et V Independance de la Ser- bie depuis iSOijusqu'a 1850 (ibid. 1855, 2 vols.); Hilfer- ding, Gesch. der Serhen und Bulgaren (Bautzen, 1856) ; Denton [Rev. W.], Servia and the Servians (Loud. 1862); Elodie Lawton Jlijatovics (Wm. Tweedie), Hist, of Afodern Servia (ibid. 1874); Saint-Rene Taillandier, La Serbie au 19e Steele, Kara George et Milosch (Paris, 1875); Grieve, The Church and People of Servia (Lond. 1864); Jakshich, Recueil Statistique sur les Contrees Seibes (Belgrade, 1875),
Servian Version. Sec Si.avonic Vkrstons.
Service (properly mi 3", covXtia, i. e. bondaf/e; but the rendering in the A. V. in many places of less severe words, as ^"I'J, X21S, ciaKovia, Xarptia, etc.). See Sekvitude.
SERVICE, The. See Lor.n'.s SurPEn.
SERVICE OF THE Citi-ucir. It appears that there was a daily celebration of divine worship in the time of Cy|)rian; and it lias been supposed that the practice of ottering public i)rayer every morning and evening was established during the 3tl century. The order of the daily morning and evening services, as they un- doubtedly obtained in the 4th century, was as follows; Tlie mornin(j service began with tlie reading of Psa. Ixiii, followed by prayers for the catechumens, energu- mens, candidates for baptism, an<i penitents; for tlie faithful, the peace o." the world, and the state of the Church. Then followed a short prayer for preservation during the daj', the bishop's commendation or thanks- giving, the imposition of hands, or bishop's benediction, concludin<r with the dismissal of the congregation witli
the usual form, YlpoiXbtTt iv tipijvrj, " Depart in peace." The eveinng service (called hora lucernaris, because it began at the time of lighting candles) was in most parts the same with that of the morning, except with such variation of psalms, hymns, and prayers as were proper to the occasion. 1. The psalm was the one hundred and fortj'-first; 2. Proper prayer for the even- ing; 3. Tlie evening hj-mn. In some churches the Lord's Prayer was always made a part of the daily worship both morning and evening (see Bingham, Christ. Antiq. xiii, 10, 11). At the Reformation, in or- der to supply the absence of a vain and idolatrous wor- ship by a scriptural and reasonable service, it was ap- pointed that the " morning and evening service" should be " saiil daily throughout the year." This order is observed in cathedral and collegiate churches, in the universities, and in some parishes, but has not been generally followed in parochial churches.
Service-book, a book of devotion, of prayer.
That of the Cluircli of England contains the Book of Common Prayer, Administration of the Sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the Church. See Co.MMON' Pkayeu.
The service-books of the Latin Church include the Missal, the Pontifical, the Day Hours, the Breviary, the Ritual, the Processional, the Ceremonial for Bishops, the Benedictional.
Those of the Greek Church are, (1) the Euchologi- on, corresponding to the Missal; (2) the Menoea, an- swering to the Breviary, without the ferial offices, and full of ecclesiastical poetry in measured prose; (3) Par- acletice, or great Octcechus, the ferial office for eight weeks, mainly the work of Joseph of the Studium ; (4) Triodion, the Lent volume, from the Sundaj' be- fore Septuagesima to Easter; and (5) the Pentecostari- on, the office for Eastertide.
Services, an ecclesiastical name for arrangements of the Canticles, Te Deuni, Benedictus, Benedicite, Mag- nificat, and Nunc Dimittis, and the psalms sung by sub- stitution for them, consisting of a succession of varied airs, partly verse and partly chorus, sung in regular choirs, of which, probably, the germ is to be found in the Ambrosian Te Deitin, a succession of chants which is mentioned first by Boethius, who lived a century after Augustine. The simplified notation of this music, as used in the Salisbur\' and Roman breviaries, was com- posed by Marbecke. Tallis's service is an imitation, rather than an adaptation, of the original arrangement. Probably the first was the setting of the Venite by Caustun m the time of Henry VIII. In 1641 complaint was made of '-singing the Te JJcum in prose after a cathedral -church way." There are two classes: (1) full services, which have no repetitions, and are sung with an almost regular alternation by the two choirs; (2) verse services, which have frequent repetitions, no regular alternations, and are full of verses, either solos or passages sung in slower time by a selected number of voices. — Walcott, Saci-ed A rchtsol. s. v.